Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2, sentence 12
It cannot be rejected, because it contains historical matter which is consonant with and illuminates the dry lists of the chronologist, and it cannot be retained, for popular poetry is not history; and the task of distinguishing In such literature the fact from the fiction--where there is certainly fact and certainly fiction--is one of the most difficult to which the intellect can apply itself.
Who acts: history, historical matter, popular poetry, task, intellect · What happens: not reject, contain, be, illuminate, not retain, not be · To what, where: history, historical matter, consonant, dry lists, one, fiction
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (history, historical matter, popular poetry, task), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 rejected | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 rejected | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 rejected | advmod |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 rejected | aux:pass |
| 5 | rejected | reject | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 contains | punct |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 9 contains | mark |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 contains | nsubj |
| 9 | contains | contain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 rejected | advcl |
| 10 | historical | historical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 matter | amod |
| 11 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 contains | obj |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 consonant | nsubj |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 consonant | cop |
| 14 | consonant | consonant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 matter | conj |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 consonant | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 illuminates | cc |
| 17 | illuminates | illuminate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 contains | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 lists | det |
| 19 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 lists | amod |
| 20 | lists | list | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 illuminates | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 chronologist | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 chronologist | det |
| 23 | chronologist | chronologist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 lists | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 retained | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 retained | cc |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 retained | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 retained | aux |
| 28 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 retained | advmod |
| 29 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 30 retained | aux:pass |
| 30 | retained | retain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 rejected | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 history | punct |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 37 history | case |
| 33 | popular | popular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 poetry | amod |
| 34 | poetry | poetry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 history | nsubj |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 history | cop |
| 36 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 37 history | advmod |
| 37 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 retained | obl |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 63 one | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 63 one | cc |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 task | det |
| 41 | task | task | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 one | nsubj |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 distinguishing | case |
| 43 | distinguishing | distinguishing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 task | nmod |
| 44 | In | in | ADP | _ | 46 literature | case |
| 45 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 literature | amod |
| 46 | literature | literature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 distinguishing | obl |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 fact | det |
| 48 | fact | fact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 one | nsubj |
| 49 | from | from | ADP | _ | 51 fiction | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 fiction | det |
| 51 | fiction | fiction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 one | obl |
| 52 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 55 is | punct |
| 53 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 55 is | advmod |
| 54 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 55 is | expl |
| 55 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 63 one | cop |
| 56 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 57 fact | advmod |
| 57 | fact | fact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 is | nsubj |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 fiction | cc |
| 59 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 60 fiction | advmod |
| 60 | fiction | fiction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 fact | conj |
| 61 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 63 one | punct |
| 62 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 63 one | cop |
| 63 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 rejected | parataxis |
| 64 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 67 difficult | mark |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 difficult | det |
| 66 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 67 difficult | advmod |
| 67 | difficult | difficult | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 63 one | acl:relcl |
| 68 | to | to | ADP | _ | 69 which | case |
| 69 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 73 apply | obl |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 71 intellect | det |
| 71 | intellect | intellect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 apply | nsubj |
| 72 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 73 apply | aux |
| 73 | apply | apply | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 67 difficult | parataxis |
| 74 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 73 apply | obj |
| 75 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 rejected | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not reject | can · passive | history | vn reject-77.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | contain | present | history | historical matter and consonant | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot matter=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | historical matter and consonant | consonant | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | illuminate | present | history not said here | the dry lists of the chronologist | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent list=Destination | ||||
| 5 | not retain | can · passive | history | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | not is | present | popular poetry | for history | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | is a | present | the task of distinguishing in such literature | one | the fiction | the fact nsubj | tree rules | ||
| 8 | apply | can | the intellect | history | which obl | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Theme | |||
| 9 | list | the chronologist | nom list «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/2/12/