Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2, sentence 15
Yet the labours of Wolfe, Grote, Mahaffy, Geddes, and Gladstone, have not been sufficient to set at rest the small question, whether it was one man or two or many who composed the Iliad and Odyssey, while the reality of the achievements of Achilles and even his existence might be denied or asserted by a scholar without general reproach.
Who acts: labours, question, one man, Odyssey · What happens: not be, set, be, compose, deny, assert · To what, where: small question, rest, one man, Iliad, reality, Achilles
This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (labours, question, one man, Odyssey), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 19 sufficient | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 labours | det |
| 3 | labours | labour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 sufficient | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Wolfe | case |
| 5 | Wolfe | Wolfe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 labours | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Grote | punct |
| 7 | Grote | Grote | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Wolfe | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Mahaffy | punct |
| 9 | Mahaffy | Mahaffy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Wolfe | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Geddes | punct |
| 11 | Geddes | Geddes | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Wolfe | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Gladstone | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 Gladstone | cc |
| 14 | Gladstone | Gladstone | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Wolfe | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 labours | punct |
| 16 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 sufficient | aux |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 sufficient | advmod |
| 18 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 sufficient | cop |
| 19 | sufficient | sufficient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 set | mark |
| 21 | set | set | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 sufficient | csubj |
| 22 | at | at | ADP | _ | 23 rest | case |
| 23 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 set | obl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 question | det |
| 25 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 question | amod |
| 26 | question | question | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 set | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 man | punct |
| 28 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 32 man | mark |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 man | nsubj |
| 30 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 man | cop |
| 31 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 man | nummod |
| 32 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 set | obl |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 two | cc |
| 34 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 man | conj |
| 35 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 36 many | cc |
| 36 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 man | conj |
| 37 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 composed | nsubj |
| 38 | composed | compose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 man | acl:relcl |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 Iliad | det |
| 40 | Iliad | Iliad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 composed | obj |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 Odyssey | cc |
| 42 | Odyssey | Odyssey | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 Iliad | conj |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 denied | punct |
| 44 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 58 denied | mark |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 reality | det |
| 46 | reality | reality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 denied | nsubj:pass |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 achievements | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 achievements | det |
| 49 | achievements | achievement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 reality | nmod |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 Achilles | case |
| 51 | Achilles | Achilles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 achievements | nmod |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 existence | cc |
| 53 | even | even | ADV | _ | 55 existence | advmod |
| 54 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 55 existence | nmod:poss |
| 55 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 Achilles | conj |
| 56 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 58 denied | aux |
| 57 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 58 denied | aux:pass |
| 58 | denied | deny | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 set | parataxis |
| 59 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 60 asserted | cc |
| 60 | asserted | assert | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 58 denied | conj |
| 61 | by | by | ADP | _ | 63 scholar | case |
| 62 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 63 scholar | det |
| 63 | scholar | scholar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 asserted | obl |
| 64 | without | without | ADP | _ | 66 reproach | case |
| 65 | general | general | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 reproach | amod |
| 66 | reproach | reproach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 asserted | obl |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 sufficient | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is | present · perfect | the labours of Wolfe and Grote and Mahaffy and Geddes and Gladstone | sufficient property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | set | to-infinitive | the small question | rest | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent question=Theme at rest=Destination | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | question | one man | two conj | tree rules | |||
| 4 | be | question not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | compose | past | one man | the Iliad and Odyssey | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iliad=Result | ||||
| 6 | deny | might · passive | the reality of the achievements of Achilles and Odyssey's existence | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | assert | participle | by a scholar; without general reproach | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | achieve | Achilles and Odyssey's existence | nom achievement «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 9 | exist | Odyssey | nom existence «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8109/2/15/