Deuteronomy 1:16 דְּבָרִים

Who acts: I, stranger · What happens: charge, say, hear, judge, be · To what, where: judges, causes · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Deuteronomy 1:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, stranger — and what happens in the verse to judges, causes, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וָאֲצַוֶּה֙ אֶת־שֹׁ֣פְטֵיכֶ֔ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר שָׁמֹ֤עַ בֵּין־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ וּשְׁפַטְתֶּ֣ם צֶ֔דֶק בֵּֽין־אִ֥ישׁ וּבֵין־אָחִ֖יו וּבֵ֥ין גֵּרֽוֹ׃

And I charged your judges at that time, saying: 'Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 אֲצַוֶּה֙	cc	and
2	אֲצַוֶּה֙	צָוָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I commanded
3	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	4 שֹׁ֣פְטֵי	case	(et)
4	שֹׁ֣פְטֵי	שָׁפַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	2 אֲצַוֶּה֙	obj	judges
5	כֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 שֹׁ֣פְטֵי	nmod:poss	your
6	בָּ	בְּ	ADP	_	8 עֵ֥ת	case	at
7	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 עֵ֥ת	det	the
8	עֵ֥ת	עֵת	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 אֲצַוֶּה֙	obl	time
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 הִ֖וא	det	(the)
10	הִ֖וא	הִיא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 עֵ֥ת	det	that
11	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	13 שָׁמֹ֤עַ	mark	(cmp)
12	אמֹ֑ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	11 לֵ	fixed
13	שָׁמֹ֤עַ	שָׁמַע	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 אֲצַוֶּה֙	ccomp	hear
14	בֵּין־	בֵּין	ADP	_	15 אֲחֵי	case	between
15	אֲחֵי	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 שָׁמֹ֤עַ	obl	countrymen
16	כֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	15 אֲחֵי	nmod:poss	your
17	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 שְׁפַטְתֶּ֣ם	cc	and
18	שְׁפַטְתֶּ֣ם	שָׁפַט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	13 שָׁמֹ֤עַ	conj	you will judge
19	צֶ֔דֶק	צֶדֶק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 שְׁפַטְתֶּ֣ם	obj	righteousness
20	בֵּֽין־	בֵּין	ADP	_	21 אִ֥ישׁ	case	between
21	אִ֥ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 שְׁפַטְתֶּ֣ם	obl	anyone
22	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 אָחִ֖י	cc	and
23	בֵין־	בֵּין	ADP	_	24 אָחִ֖י	case	between
24	אָחִ֖י	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 אִ֥ישׁ	conj	countryman
25	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 אָחִ֖י	nmod:poss	his
26	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 גֵּר	cc	and
27	בֵ֥ין	בֵּין	ADP	_	28 גֵּר	case	between
28	גֵּר	גֵּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 אִ֥ישׁ	conj	sojourner
29	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 גֵּר	nmod:poss	his
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אֲצַוֶּה I commanded	wayyiqtol · piel		שֹׁפְטֵי judges
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal
שָׁמֹעַ hear	infinitive absolute · qal	שֹׁפְטֵי judges
שְׁפַטְתֶּם you will judge	weqatal · qal	שֹׁפְטֵי judges	צֶדֶק righteousness

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּפַקֵדִית יָת דַיָנֵיכוֹן בְּעִדָנָא הַהִיא לְמֵימָר שְׁמָעוּ בֵּין אַחֵיכוֹן וּתְדוּנוּן קוּשְׁטָא בֵּין גַבְרָא וּבֵין אֲחוּהִי וּבֵין גִיוֹרֵהּ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And I charged your judges at that time, saying: 'Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:DEU:15.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.16/