Deuteronomy 1:17 דְּבָרִים

Who acts: Ye, judgment, cause, I · What happens: not respect, hear, not be, be, bring · To what, where: persons, judgment, small

This is Deuteronomy 1:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ye, judgment, cause, I — and what happens in the verse to persons, judgment, small, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

לֹֽא־תַכִּ֨ירוּ פָנִ֜ים בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט כַּקָּטֹ֤ן כַּגָּדֹל֙ תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן לֹ֤א תָג֙וּרוּ֙ מִפְּנֵי־אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֥י הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט לֵאלֹהִ֣ים ה֑וּא וְהַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִקְשֶׁ֣ה מִכֶּ֔ם תַּקְרִב֥וּן אֵלַ֖י וּשְׁמַעְתִּֽיו׃

Ye shall not respect persons in judgment; ye shall hear the small and the great alike; ye shall not be afraid of the face of any man; for the judgment is God's; and the cause that is too hard for you ye shall bring unto me, and I will hear it.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	לֹֽא־	לֹא	ADV	_	2 תַכִּ֨ירוּ	advmod	not
2	תַכִּ֨ירוּ	נָכַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	you will pay regard to
3	פָנִ֜ים	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 תַכִּ֨ירוּ	obj	faces
4	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	6 מִּשְׁפָּ֗ט	case	in
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 מִּשְׁפָּ֗ט	det	(the)
6	מִּשְׁפָּ֗ט	מִשְׁפָּט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 תַכִּ֨ירוּ	obl	judgment
7	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	9 קָּטֹ֤ן	case	as
8	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 קָּטֹ֤ן	det	the
9	קָּטֹ֤ן	קָטֹן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 תִּשְׁמָע֔וּ	obl	small
10	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	12 גָּדֹל֙	case	as
11	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 גָּדֹל֙	det	the
12	גָּדֹל֙	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 קָּטֹ֤ן	conj	great
13	תִּשְׁמָע֔וּ	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 תַכִּ֨ירוּ	parataxis	you
14	ן	נ	X	_	13 תִּשְׁמָע֔וּ	nmod	will listen
15	לֹ֤א	לֹא	ADV	_	16 תָג֙וּרוּ֙	advmod	not
16	תָג֙וּרוּ֙	גּוּר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 תַכִּ֨ירוּ	parataxis	you will be afraid
17	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	18 פְּנֵי־	case	of
18	פְּנֵי־	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 תָג֙וּרוּ֙	obl
19	אִ֔ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 פְּנֵי־	compound:smixut	anyone
20	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	24 אלֹהִ֣ים	mark	(dm)
21	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 מִּשְׁפָּ֖ט	det	the
22	מִּשְׁפָּ֖ט	מִשְׁפָּט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 אלֹהִ֣ים	dislocated	judgment
23	לֵ	לְ	ADP	_	24 אלֹהִ֣ים	case	[belongs] to
24	אלֹהִ֣ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 תַכִּ֨ירוּ	advcl	God
25	ה֑וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 אלֹהִ֣ים	nsubj	it
26	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	33 תַּקְרִב֥וּ	cc	and
27	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 דָּבָר֙	det	the
28	דָּבָר֙	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	33 תַּקְרִב֥וּ	obj	matter
29	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	30 יִקְשֶׁ֣ה	mark	which
30	יִקְשֶׁ֣ה	קָשָׁה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	28 דָּבָר֙	acl:relcl	it will be [too] hard
31	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	32 כֶּ֔ם	case	for
32	כֶּ֔ם	מִן	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	30 יִקְשֶׁ֣ה	obl	you
33	תַּקְרִב֥וּ	קָרַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	2 תַכִּ֨ירוּ	conj	you
34	ן	נ	X	_	33 תַּקְרִב֥וּ	nmod	will bring near
35	אֵל	אֶל	ADP	_	36 ַ֖י	case	to
36	ַ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	33 תַּקְרִב֥וּ	obl	me
37	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	38 שְׁמַעְתִּֽי	cc	and
38	שְׁמַעְתִּֽי	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	2 תַכִּ֨ירוּ	conj	I
39	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 שְׁמַעְתִּֽי	obj	will hear it
40	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	39 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes
indirect: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not תַכִּירוּ you will pay regard to	yiqtol · hiphil	פָנִים faces
תִּשְׁמָעוּ you	yiqtol · qal
not תָגוּרוּ you will be afraid	yiqtol · qal
יִקְשֶׁה it will be [too] hard	yiqtol · qal	דָּבָר matter
תַּקְרִבוּ you	yiqtol · hiphil	דָּבָר matter
שְׁמַעְתִּֽי I	weqatal · qal		ו will hear it

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

לָא תִשְׁתְּמוֹדְעוּן אַפִּין בְּדִינָא מִלֵי זְעֵירָא כְרַבָּא תִּשְׁמְעוּן לָא תִדְחֲלוּן מִן קֳדָם גַבְרָא אֲרֵי דִינָא דַיְיָ הוּא וּפִתְגָמָא דִי יִקְשֵׁי מִנְכוֹן תְּקָרְבוּן לְוָתִי וְאֶשְׁמְעִנֵהּ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Ye shall not respect persons in judgment; ye shall hear the small and the great alike; ye shall not be afraid of the face of any man; for the judgment is God's; and the cause that is too hard for you ye shall bring unto me, and I will hear it.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:DEU:16.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.17/