Deuteronomy 25:18 דְּבָרִים

Who acts: Amalek, thou · What happens: meet, smote, enfeeble, be, not fear · To what, where: thee, hindmost, rear, God

This is Deuteronomy 25:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Amalek, thou — and what happens in the verse to thee, hindmost, rear, God, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָֽרְךָ֜ בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ וַיְזַנֵּ֤ב בְּךָ֙ כָּל־הַנֶּחֱשָׁלִ֣ים אַֽחַרֶ֔יךָוְאַתָּ֖ה עָיֵ֣ף וְיָגֵ֑עַ וְלֹ֥א יָרֵ֖א אֱלֹהִֽים׃

how he met thee by the way, and smote the hindmost of thee, all that were enfeebled in thy rear, when thou wast faint and weary; and he feared not God.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אֲשֶׁ֨ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	2 קָֽר	mark	(cmp)
2	קָֽר	קָרָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it
3	ְךָ֜	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 קָֽר	obj	met you
4	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	6 דֶּ֗רֶךְ	case	on
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 דֶּ֗רֶךְ	det	the
6	דֶּ֗רֶךְ	דֶּרֶךְ	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 קָֽר	obl	way
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יְזַנֵּ֤ב	cc	and
8	יְזַנֵּ֤ב	זָנַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 קָֽר	conj	it attacked in the rear
9	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	10 ְךָ֙	case	among
10	ְךָ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 יְזַנֵּ֤ב	obl	you
11	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 יְזַנֵּ֤ב	obj	all
12	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	13 נֶּחֱשָׁלִ֣ים	mark	[those
13	נֶּחֱשָׁלִ֣ים	חָשַׁל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur	11 כָּל־	compound:smixut	who were] straggling
14	אַֽחַרֶ֔י	אַחַר	ADP	_	15 ךָ	case	behind
15	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 נֶּחֱשָׁלִ֣ים	obl	you
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 עָיֵ֣ף	cc	and
17	אַתָּ֖ה	אַתָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	18 עָיֵ֣ף	nsubj	you
18	עָיֵ֣ף	עָיֵף	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 יְזַנֵּ֤ב	conj	[were] exhausted
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יָגֵ֑עַ	cc	and
20	יָגֵ֑עַ	יָגֵעַ	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 עָיֵ֣ף	amod	weary
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 יָרֵ֖א	cc	and
22	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	23 יָרֵ֖א	advmod	not
23	יָרֵ֖א	יָרֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 קָֽר	conj	it feared
24	אֱלֹהִֽים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	23 יָרֵ֖א	obj	God
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 אֱלֹהִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
קָֽר it	qatal · qal	ְךָ met you
יְזַנֵּב it attacked in the rear	wayyiqtol · piel	נֶּחֱשָׁלִים who were] straggling
not יָרֵא it feared	qatal · qal	אֱלֹהִֽים God

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

דִי עָרְעָךְ בְּאָרְחָא וְקָטֵל בָּךְ כָּל דַהֲווֹ מִתְאַחֲרִין בַּתְרָךְ וְאַתְּ מְשַׁלְהֵי וְלָאֵי וְלָא דָחֵיל מִן קֳדָם יְיָ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

how he met thee by the way, and smote the hindmost of thee, all that were enfeebled in thy rear, when thou wast faint and weary; and he feared not God.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:DEU:672.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.25.18/