Exodus 1:19 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: midwives, Hebrew women, midwife · What happens: say, not be, be, deliver, come · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Exodus 1:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — midwives, Hebrew women, midwife — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ׃

And the midwives said unto Pharaoh: 'Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwife come unto them.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 תֹּאמַ֤רְןָ	cc	and
2	תֹּאמַ֤רְןָ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they said
3	הַֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 מְיַלְּדֹת֙	det	the
4	מְיַלְּדֹת֙	יָלַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur	2 תֹּאמַ֤רְןָ	nsubj	midwives
5	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	6 פַּרְעֹ֔ה	case	to
6	פַּרְעֹ֔ה	פַּרְעֹה	PROPN	_	2 תֹּאמַ֤רְןָ	obl	Pharaoh
7	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	11 נָּשִׁ֛ים	mark	(dm)
8	לֹ֧א	לֹא	ADV	_	11 נָּשִׁ֛ים	advmod	not
9	כַ	כְּ	ADP	_	11 נָּשִׁ֛ים	case	[are] like
10	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 נָּשִׁ֛ים	det	the
11	נָּשִׁ֛ים	אִשָּׁה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	2 תֹּאמַ֤רְןָ	advcl	women
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 מִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת	det	(the)
13	מִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת	מִצְרִי	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	11 נָּשִׁ֛ים	appos	Egyptian
14	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת	det	the Hebrew
15	עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת	עִבְרִי	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	11 נָּשִׁ֛ים	nsubj	[women]
16	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	17 חָי֣וֹת	mark	(dm)
17	חָי֣וֹת	חָיֶה	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	2 תֹּאמַ֤רְןָ	advcl	[are] vigorous
18	הֵ֔נָּה	הֵנָּה	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 חָי֣וֹת	nsubj	they
19	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 טֶ֨רֶם	case	before
20	טֶ֨רֶם	טֶרֶם	ADV	_	21 תָּב֧וֹא	nmod
21	תָּב֧וֹא	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	27 יָלָֽדוּ	parataxis	she comes
22	אֲל	אֶל	ADP	_	23 ֵהֶ֛ן	case	to
23	ֵהֶ֛ן	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 תָּב֧וֹא	obl	them
24	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 מְיַלֶּ֖דֶת	det	the
25	מְיַלֶּ֖דֶת	יָלַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing	21 תָּב֧וֹא	nsubj	midwife
26	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 יָלָֽדוּ	cc	and
27	יָלָֽדוּ	יָלַד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 תֹּאמַ֤רְןָ	parataxis	they give birth
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 יָלָֽדוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
תֹּאמַרְןָ they said	wayyiqtol · qal	מְיַלְּדֹת midwives
תָּבוֹא she comes	yiqtol · qal	מְיַלֶּדֶת midwife
יָלָֽדוּ they give birth	qatal · qal	עִבְרִיֹּת [women]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲמָרָא חַיָתָא לְפַרְעֹה אֲרֵי לָא כִנְשַׁיָא מִצְרְיָתָא יְהוּדַיָתָא אֲרֵי חֲכִּימָן אִנוּן עַד לָא עַלַת לְוָתְהֶּן חַיָתָא וִילִידָן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the midwives said unto Pharaoh: 'Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwife come unto them.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:18.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.19/