Exodus 10:21 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: LORD, darkness · What happens: say, stretch out, be, feel · To what, where: hand, darkness · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Exodus 10:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, darkness — and what happens in the verse to hand, darkness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה נְטֵ֤ה יָֽדְךָ֙ עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וִ֥יהִי חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְיָמֵ֖שׁ חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃

And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֨אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	יְהוָ֜ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	nsubj	Yahweh
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	5 מֹשֶׁ֗ה	case	to
5	מֹשֶׁ֗ה	מֹשֶׁה	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	obl	Moses
6	נְטֵ֤ה	נָטָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	ccomp	stretch out
7	יָֽד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 נְטֵ֤ה	obj	hand
8	ְךָ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 יָֽד	nmod:poss	your
9	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	11 שָּׁמַ֔יִם	case	to
10	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 שָּׁמַ֔יִם	det	the
11	שָּׁמַ֔יִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 נְטֵ֤ה	obl	heavens
12	וִ֥	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 אֶ֣רֶץ	cc	so
13	יהִי	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	16 אֶ֣רֶץ	cop	that it may be
14	חֹ֖שֶׁךְ	חֹשֶׁךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 אֶ֣רֶץ	nsubj	darkness
15	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	16 אֶ֣רֶץ	case	over
16	אֶ֣רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 נְטֵ֤ה	conj	the land
17	מִצְרָ֑יִם	מִצְרַיִם	PROPN	_	16 אֶ֣רֶץ	compound:smixut	of Egypt
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 יָמֵ֖שׁ	cc	and
19	יָמֵ֖שׁ	מָשַׁשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	6 נְטֵ֤ה	conj	so that everyone may feel
20	חֹֽשֶׁךְ	חֹשֶׁךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 יָמֵ֖שׁ	obj	darkness
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 חֹֽשֶׁךְ	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh
נְטֵה stretch out	imperative · qal	מֹשֶׁה Moses	יָֽד hand
יהִי that it may be	jussive · qal	חֹשֶׁךְ darkness
יָמֵשׁ so that everyone may feel	yiqtol · hiphil		חֹֽשֶׁךְ darkness

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְמשֶׁה אֲרֵים יְדָךְ עַל צֵית שְׁמַיָא וִיהֵי חֲשׁוֹכָא עַל אַרְעָא דְמִצְרָיִם בָּתַר דְיַעְדֵי קְבֵל לֵילְיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:265.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.21/