Exodus 10:21 · JPS 1917
And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.'
Who acts: LORD, darkness · What happens: say, stretch out, be, feel · To what, where: hand, darkness · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Exodus 10:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, darkness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 said | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 LORD | det |
| 3 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 6 Moses | case |
| 6 | Moses | Moses | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 Stretch | punct |
| 8 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 9 Stretch | punct |
| 9 | Stretch | stretch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 said | ccomp |
| 10 | out | out | ADP | _ | 9 Stretch | compound:prt |
| 11 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 12 hand | nmod:poss |
| 12 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Stretch | obj |
| 13 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 14 heaven | case |
| 14 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Stretch | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 be | punct |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 be | mark |
| 17 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 19 be | expl |
| 18 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 be | aux |
| 19 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 Stretch | advcl |
| 20 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 be | nsubj |
| 21 | over | over | ADP | _ | 23 land | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 land | det |
| 23 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 darkness | nmod |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Egypt | case |
| 25 | Egypt | Egypt | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 land | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 darkness | punct |
| 27 | even | even | ADV | _ | 28 darkness | advmod |
| 28 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 darkness | appos |
| 29 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 felt | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 felt | aux |
| 31 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 32 felt | aux:pass |
| 32 | felt | feel | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 darkness | acl:relcl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
| 34 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- hedged
- yes
- teacher
- changed voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the LORD | unto Moses | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | stretch out | infinitive | thy hand | toward heaven | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hand=Patient | ||||
| 3 | be | may | darkness over the land of Egypt | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | feel | may · passive | darkness | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה נְטֵ֤ה יָֽדְךָ֙ עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וִ֥יהִי חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְיָמֵ֖שׁ חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃
Exodus 10:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EXO:291 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.291/