Exodus 14:28 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: waters, host, much · What happens: return, cover, go in, not remain · To what, where: chariots, sea

This is Exodus 14:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — waters, host, much — and what happens in the verse to chariots, sea, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ הַמַּ֗יִם וַיְכַסּ֤וּ אֶת־הָרֶ֙כֶב֙ וְאֶת־הַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים לְכֹל֙ חֵ֣יל פַּרְעֹ֔ה הַבָּאִ֥ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם בַּיָּ֑ם לֹֽא־נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּהֶ֖ם עַד־אֶחָֽד׃

And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, even all the host of Pharaoh that went in after them into the sea; there remained not so much as one of them.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּשֻׁ֣בוּ	cc	and
2	יָּשֻׁ֣בוּ	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they returned
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 מַּ֗יִם	det	the
4	מַּ֗יִם	מַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יָּשֻׁ֣בוּ	nsubj	waters
5	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יְכַסּ֤וּ	cc	and
6	יְכַסּ֤וּ	כָּסָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּשֻׁ֣בוּ	conj	they covered
7	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	9 רֶ֙כֶב֙	case	(et)
8	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 רֶ֙כֶב֙	det	the
9	רֶ֙כֶב֙	רֶכֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יְכַסּ֤וּ	obj	chariot[s]
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 פָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים	cc	and
11	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	13 פָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים	case	(et)
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 פָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים	det	the
13	פָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים	פָּרָשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 רֶ֙כֶב֙	conj	horsemen
14	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	15 כֹל֙	case	to
15	כֹל֙	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יְכַסּ֤וּ	obl	all
16	חֵ֣יל	חַיִל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 כֹל֙	compound:smixut	the army
17	פַּרְעֹ֔ה	פַּרְעֹה	PROPN	_	16 חֵ֣יל	compound:smixut	of Pharaoh
18	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	19 בָּאִ֥ים	mark	[which
19	בָּאִ֥ים	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	16 חֵ֣יל	appos	had] gone
20	אַחֲרֵי	אַחַר	ADP	_	21 הֶ֖ם	case	after
21	הֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 בָּאִ֥ים	obl	them
22	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	24 יָּ֑ם	case	in
23	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 יָּ֑ם	det	the
24	יָּ֑ם	יָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 בָּאִ֥ים	obl	sea
25	לֹֽא־	לֹא	ADV	_	26 נִשְׁאַ֥ר	advmod	not
26	נִשְׁאַ֥ר	שָׁאַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּשֻׁ֣בוּ	parataxis	it remained
27	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	28 ָהֶ֖ם	case	among
28	ָהֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 נִשְׁאַ֥ר	obl	them
29	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	30 אֶחָֽד	case	up to
30	אֶחָֽד	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 נִשְׁאַ֥ר	nsubj	one
31	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	30 אֶחָֽד	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יָּשֻׁבוּ they returned	wayyiqtol · qal	מַּיִם waters
יְכַסּוּ they covered	wayyiqtol · piel	מַּיִם waters	רֶכֶב chariot[s] + פָּרָשִׁים horsemen
בָּאִים had] gone	participle active · qal	חֵיל the army
not נִשְׁאַר it remained	qatal · niphal		אֶחָֽד one

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְתָבוּ מַיָא וַחֲפוֹ יָת רְתִכַּיָא וְיָת פָּרָשַׁיָא לְכֹל מַשִׁרְיַת פַּרְעֹה דְעַלוּ בַתְרֵיהוֹן בְּיַמָא לָא אִשְׁתָּאַר בְּהוֹן עַד חָד:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, even all the host of Pharaoh that went in after them into the sea; there remained not so much as one of them.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:384.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.28/