Exodus 22:23 שְׁמוֹת
Who acts: wrath, I, wives · What happens: wax, kill, be · To what, where: you, widows
This is Exodus 22:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — wrath, I, wives — and what happens in the verse to you, widows, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וְחָרָ֣ה אַפִּ֔י וְהָרַגְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם בֶּחָ֑רֶב וְהָי֤וּ נְשֵׁיכֶם֙ אַלְמָנ֔וֹת וּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם יְתֹמִֽים׃פ
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 2 חָרָ֣ה | cc | and |
| 2 | חָרָ֣ה | חָרָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | it will burn |
| 3 | אַפּ | אַף | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 חָרָ֣ה | nsubj | anger |
| 4 | ִ֔י | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 אַפּ | nmod:poss | my |
| 5 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 6 הָרַגְתִּ֥י | cc | and |
| 6 | הָרַגְתִּ֥י | הָרַג | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 2 חָרָ֣ה | conj | I will kill |
| 7 | אֶת | אֵת | ADP | _ | 8 ְכֶ֖ם | case | |
| 8 | ְכֶ֖ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs | 6 הָרַגְתִּ֥י | obj | you |
| 9 | בֶּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 11 חָ֑רֶב | case | with |
| 10 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 11 חָ֑רֶב | det | the |
| 11 | חָ֑רֶב | חֶרֶב | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 6 הָרַגְתִּ֥י | obl | sword |
| 12 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 16 אַלְמָנ֔וֹת | cc | and |
| 13 | הָי֤וּ | הָיָה | AUX | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 16 אַלְמָנ֔וֹת | cop | they will be |
| 14 | נְשֵׁי | אִשָּׁה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 16 אַלְמָנ֔וֹת | nsubj | wives |
| 15 | כֶם֙ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 נְשֵׁי | nmod:poss | your |
| 16 | אַלְמָנ֔וֹת | אַלְמָנָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 2 חָרָ֣ה | conj | widows |
| 17 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 18 בְנֵי | cc | and |
| 18 | בְנֵי | בֵּן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 16 אַלְמָנ֔וֹת | conj | children |
| 19 | כֶ֖ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs | 18 בְנֵי | nmod:poss | your |
| 20 | יְתֹמִֽים | יָתוֹם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 18 בְנֵי | obj | fatherless ones |
| 21 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 20 יְתֹמִֽים | punct | |
| 22 | פ | פ | PUNCT | _ | 20 יְתֹמִֽים | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| חָרָה it will burn | qatal · qal | אַפּ anger | |||
| הָרַגְתִּי I will kill | weqatal · qal | ְכֶם you | |||
| הָיוּ they will be | weqatal · qal | נְשֵׁי wives |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Onkelos
וְיִתְקֵף רוּגְזִי וְאֶקְטוֹל יָתְכוֹן בְּחַרְבָּא וִיהֶוְיָן נְשֵׁיכוֹן אַרְמְלִין וּבְנֵיכוֹן יַתְמִין:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:604.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.23/