Exodus 22:8 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: master, one, This, cause, God, trespass · What happens: be, lose, say, come, condemn, pay · To what, where: master, parties · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Exodus 22:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — master, one, This, cause, God, trespass — and what happens in the verse to master, parties, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

עַֽל־כָּל־דְּבַר־פֶּ֡שַׁע עַל־שׁ֡וֹר עַל־חֲ֠מוֹר עַל־שֶׂ֨ה עַל־שַׂלְמָ֜ה עַל־כָּל־אֲבֵדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֹאמַר֙ כִּי־ה֣וּא זֶ֔ה עַ֚ד הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים יָבֹ֖א דְּבַר־שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַרְשִׁיעֻן֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנַ֖יִם לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ס

For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, whereof one saith: 'This is it,' the cause of both parties shall come before God; he whom God shall condemn shall pay double unto his neighbour.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	עַֽל־	עַל	ADP	_	2 כָּל־	case	on
2	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 יָבֹ֖א	obl	every
3	דְּבַר־	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 כָּל־	compound:smixut	matter
4	פֶּ֡שַׁע	פֶּשַׁע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 דְּבַר־	compound:smixut	of transgression
5	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	6 שׁ֡וֹר	case	on
6	שׁ֡וֹר	שׁוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 כָּל־	nmod	an ox
7	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	8 חֲ֠מוֹר	case	on
8	חֲ֠מוֹר	חֲמוֹר	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 שׁ֡וֹר	conj	a donkey
9	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	10 שֶׂ֨ה	case	on
10	שֶׂ֨ה	שֶׂה	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 שׁ֡וֹר	conj	a sheep
11	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	12 שַׂלְמָ֜ה	case	on
12	שַׂלְמָ֜ה	שַׂלְמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 שׁ֡וֹר	conj	a garment
13	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	14 כָּל־	case	on
14	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 שׁ֡וֹר	conj	every
15	אֲבֵדָ֗ה	אֲבֵדָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	14 כָּל־	compound:smixut	thing lost
16	אֲשֶׁ֤ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	17 יֹאמַר֙	mark	which
17	יֹאמַר֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	14 כָּל־	acl:relcl	anyone will say
18	כִּי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	19 ה֣וּא	mark	(dm)
19	ה֣וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 יֹאמַר֙	ccomp	[is] it
20	זֶ֔ה	זֶה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	19 ה֣וּא	nsubj	this
21	עַ֚ד	עַד	ADP	_	23 אֱלֹהִ֔ים	case	to
22	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 אֱלֹהִ֔ים	det	the
23	אֱלֹהִ֔ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	24 יָבֹ֖א	obl	judges
24	יָבֹ֖א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it will come
25	דְּבַר־	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 יָבֹ֖א	nsubj	the case
26	שְׁנֵי	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	27 הֶ֑ם	nummod	of
27	הֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 דְּבַר־	compound:smixut	both of them
28	אֲשֶׁ֤ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	29 יַרְשִׁיעֻ	mark	[the one] whom
29	יַרְשִׁיעֻ	רָשַׁע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	32 יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם	nsubj	they
30	ן֙	נ	X	_	29 יַרְשִׁיעֻ	nmod	will condemn as guilty
31	אֱלֹהִ֔ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	29 יַרְשִׁיעֻ	nsubj	[the] judges
32	יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם	שָׁלֵם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	24 יָבֹ֖א	parataxis	he will make restitution
33	שְׁנַ֖יִם	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	32 יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם	obj	twofold
34	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	35 רֵע	case	to
35	רֵע	רֵעַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	32 יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם	obl	neighbor
36	ֵֽהוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 רֵע	nmod:poss	his
37	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	36 ֵֽהוּ	punct
38	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	36 ֵֽהוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹאמַר anyone will say	yiqtol · qal		הוּא [is] it
יָבֹא it will come	yiqtol · qal	דְּבַר־ the case
יַרְשִׁיעֻ they	yiqtol · hiphil	אֱלֹהִים [the] judges
יְשַׁלֵּם he will make restitution	yiqtol · piel	יַרְשִׁיעֻ they	שְׁנַיִם twofold

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

עַל כָּל פִּתְגַם דְחוֹב עַל תּוֹר עַל חֲמַר עַל אִמָר עַל כְּסוּ עַל כָּל אֲבֶדְתָּא דִי יֵימַר אֲרֵי הוּא דֵין לִקֳדָם דַיָנַיָא יֵיעוֹל דִין תַּרְוֵיהוֹן דִי יְחַיְבוּן דַיָנַיָא יְשַׁלֵם עַל חַד תְּרֵין לְחַבְרֵהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, whereof one saith: 'This is it,' the cause of both parties shall come before God; he whom God shall condemn shall pay double unto his neighbour.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:589.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.8/