Exodus 23:27 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: I, thou, enemies · What happens: send, discomfit, come, make, turn · To what, where: terror, people, backs

This is Exodus 23:27 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, thou, enemies — and what happens in the verse to terror, people, backs, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אֶת־אֵֽימָתִי֙ אֲשַׁלַּ֣ח לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְהַמֹּתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּבֹ֖א בָּהֶ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֧י אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבֶ֛יךָ אֵלֶ֖יךָ עֹֽרֶף׃

I will send My terror before thee, and will discomfit all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	2 אֵֽימָת	case	(et)
2	אֵֽימָת	אֵימָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	4 אֲשַׁלַּ֣ח	obj	terror
3	ִי֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 אֵֽימָת	nmod:poss	my
4	אֲשַׁלַּ֣ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I will send
5	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	6 פָנֶ֔י	case	before
6	פָנֶ֔י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 אֲשַׁלַּ֣ח	obl
7	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 פָנֶ֔י	nmod:poss	you
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 הַמֹּתִי֙	cc	and
9	הַמֹּתִי֙	הָמַם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	4 אֲשַׁלַּ֣ח	conj	I will confuse
10	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	11 כָּל־	case	(et)
11	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 הַמֹּתִי֙	obj	every
12	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 עָ֔ם	det	(the)
13	עָ֔ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 כָּל־	compound:smixut	people
14	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	15 תָּבֹ֖א	mark	which
15	תָּבֹ֖א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	11 כָּל־	acl:relcl	you will go
16	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	17 ָהֶ֑ם	case	among
17	ָהֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 תָּבֹ֖א	obl	them
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 נָתַתִּ֧י	cc	and
19	נָתַתִּ֧י	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	4 אֲשַׁלַּ֣ח	conj	I will give
20	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	21 כָּל־	case	(et)
21	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 נָתַתִּ֧י	obj	all
22	אֹיְבֶ֛י	אָיַב	NOUN	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	21 כָּל־	compound:smixut	enemies
23	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	22 אֹיְבֶ֛י	nmod:poss	your
24	אֵלֶ֖י	אֶל	ADP	_	25 ךָ	case	to
25	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	19 נָתַתִּ֧י	obl	you
26	עֹֽרֶף	עֹרֶף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 נָתַתִּ֧י	xcomp	neck
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 עֹֽרֶף	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)
אֲשַׁלַּח I will send	yiqtol · piel	אֵֽימָת terror
הַמֹּתִי I will confuse	weqatal · qal	עָם people
תָּבֹא you will go	yiqtol · qal
נָתַתִּי I will give	weqatal · qal	עֹֽרֶף neck	אֹיְבֶי enemies

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

יָת אֵימְתִי אֲשַׁלַח קֳדָמָךְ ואֶתְּפַר (נ״‎א וֶאֱשַׁגֵשׁ) יָת כָּל עַמָא דְאַתְּ אָתֵי לַאֲגָחָא בְּהוֹן וְאֶמְסַר יָת כָּל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבָךְ קֳדָמָךְ מְחַזְרֵי קְדָל:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

I will send My terror before thee, and will discomfit all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:638.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.23.27/