Exodus 4:31 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: people, LORD · What happens: believe, hear, remember, see, bow, worship · To what, where: children, affliction, heads · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Exodus 4:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, LORD — and what happens in the verse to children, affliction, heads, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַֽיַּאֲמֵ֖ן הָעָ֑ם וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֡וּ כִּֽי־פָקַ֨ד יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְכִ֤י רָאָה֙ אֶת־עָנְיָ֔ם וַֽיִּקְּד֖וּ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ׃

And the people believed; and when they heard that the LORD had remembered the children of Israel, and that He had seen their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshipped.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּאֲמֵ֖ן	cc	and
2	יַּאֲמֵ֖ן	אָמַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it believed
3	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 עָ֑ם	det	the
4	עָ֑ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּאֲמֵ֖ן	nsubj	people
5	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יִּשְׁמְע֡וּ	cc	and
6	יִּשְׁמְע֡וּ	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּאֲמֵ֖ן	conj	they heard
7	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	8 פָקַ֨ד	mark	(dm) that
8	פָקַ֨ד	פָּקַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 יִּשְׁמְע֡וּ	ccomp	he had observed
9	יְהוָ֜ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	8 פָקַ֨ד	nsubj	Yahweh
10	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	11 בְּנֵ֣י	case	(et)
11	בְּנֵ֣י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 פָקַ֨ד	obj	the people
12	יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	11 בְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Israel
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 רָאָה֙	cc	and (dm)
14	כִ֤י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	15 רָאָה֙	mark	that
15	רָאָה֙	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 פָקַ֨ד	conj	he had seen
16	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	17 עָנְי	case	(et)
17	עָנְי	עֳנִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 רָאָה֙	obj	affliction
18	ָ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 עָנְי	nmod:poss	their
19	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יִּקְּד֖וּ	cc	and
20	יִּקְּד֖וּ	קָדַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּאֲמֵ֖ן	conj	they bowed low
21	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ	cc	and
22	יִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ	חוה	VERB	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3	20 יִּקְּד֖וּ	conj	they bowed down
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 יִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּאֲמֵן it believed	wayyiqtol · hiphil	עָם people
יִּשְׁמְעוּ they heard	wayyiqtol · qal	עָם people	פָקַד he had observed + רָאָה he had seen
פָקַד he had observed	qatal · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh	בְּנֵי the people
רָאָה he had seen	qatal · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh	עָנְי affliction
יִּקְּדוּ they bowed low	wayyiqtol · qal	בְּנֵי the people
יִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ they bowed down	wayyiqtol	בְּנֵי the people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְהֵימִן עַמָא וּשְׁמָעוּ אֲרֵי דְכִיר יְיָ יָת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲרֵי גְלֵי קֳדָמוֹהִי יָת שִׁעְבּוּדְהוֹן וּכְרָעוּ וּסְגִידוּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the people believed; and when they heard that the LORD had remembered the children of Israel, and that He had seen their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshipped.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:99.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.31/