Exodus 8:12 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: LORD, dust · What happens: say, stretch out, smite, become · To what, where: rod, dust, gnats · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Exodus 8:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, dust — and what happens in the verse to rod, dust, gnats, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ אֱמֹר֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן נְטֵ֣ה אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֔ וְהַ֖ךְ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהָיָ֥ה לְכִנִּ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

(8-12) And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Stretch out thy rod, and smite the dust of the earth, that it may become gnats throughout all the land of Egypt.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	יְהוָה֮	יהוה	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	Yahweh
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	5 מֹשֶׁה֒	case	to
5	מֹשֶׁה֒	מֹשֶׁה	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	obl	Moses
6	אֱמֹר֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	say
7	אֶֽל־	אֶל	ADP	_	8 אַהֲרֹ֔ן	case	to
8	אַהֲרֹ֔ן	אַהֲרֹן	PROPN	_	6 אֱמֹר֙	obl	Aaron
9	נְטֵ֣ה	נָטָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	6 אֱמֹר֙	ccomp	stretch out
10	אֶֽת־	אֵת	ADP	_	11 מַטּ	case	(et)
11	מַטּ	מַטֶּה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 נְטֵ֣ה	obj	staff
12	ְךָ֔	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 מַטּ	nmod:poss	your
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 הַ֖ךְ	cc	and
14	הַ֖ךְ	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	9 נְטֵ֣ה	conj	strike
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 עֲפַ֣ר	case	(et)
16	עֲפַ֣ר	עָפָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 הַ֖ךְ	obj	the dust
17	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 אָ֑רֶץ	det	of
18	אָ֑רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 עֲפַ֣ר	compound:smixut	the earth
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 כִנִּ֖ם	cc	and
20	הָיָ֥ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	22 כִנִּ֖ם	cop	it will become
21	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	22 כִנִּ֖ם	case	(into)
22	כִנִּ֖ם	כֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 נְטֵ֣ה	conj	gnats
23	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	24 כָל־	case	in
24	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 כִנִּ֖ם	obl	all
25	אֶ֥רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 כָל־	compound:smixut	the land
26	מִצְרָֽיִם	מִצְרַיִם	PROPN	_	25 אֶ֥רֶץ	compound:smixut	of Egypt
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 מִצְרָֽיִם	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh
אֱמֹר say	imperative · qal	מֹשֶׁה Moses
נְטֵה stretch out	imperative · qal	אַהֲרֹן Aaron	מַטּ staff
הַךְ strike	imperative · hiphil	עֲפַר the dust		אַהֲרֹן Aaron
הָיָה it will become	weqatal · qal	עֲפַר the dust

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְמשֶׁה אֱמַר לְאַהֲרֹן אֲרֵים יָת חֻטְרָךְ וּמְחָא יָת עַפְרָא דְאַרְעָא וִיהֵא לְקַלְמְתָא בְּכָל אַרְעָא דְמִצְרָיִם:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

(8-12) And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Stretch out thy rod, and smite the dust of the earth, that it may become gnats throughout all the land of Egypt.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:193.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.12/