Genesis 14:10 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: vale, kings, pits · What happens: be, flee, fall, remain · To what, where: mountain

This is Genesis 14:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — vale, kings, pits — and what happens in the verse to mountain, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְעֵ֣מֶק הַשִׂדִּ֗יםבֶּֽאֱרֹ֤ת בֶּאֱרֹת֙ חֵמָ֔ר וַיָּנֻ֛סוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־סְדֹ֥ם וַעֲמֹרָ֖ה וַיִּפְּלוּ־שָׁ֑מָּה וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֖ים הֶ֥רָה נָּֽסוּ׃

Now the vale of Siddim was full of slime pits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and they fell there, and they that remained fled to the mountain.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 בֶּֽאֱרֹ֤ת	cc	and
2	עֵ֣מֶק	עֵמֶק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 בֶּֽאֱרֹ֤ת	nsubj	the valley
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 שִׂדִּ֗ים	det	of (the)
4	שִׂדִּ֗ים	שִׂדִּים	PROPN	_	2 עֵ֣מֶק	compound:smixut	Siddim
5	בֶּֽאֱרֹ֤ת	בְּאֵר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	root	root	[was] pits
6	בֶּאֱרֹת֙	בְּאֵר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	5 בֶּֽאֱרֹ֤ת	compound:smixut	pits
7	חֵמָ֔ר	חֵמָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 בֶּאֱרֹת֙	compound:smixut	of bitumen
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יָּנֻ֛סוּ	cc	and
9	יָּנֻ֛סוּ	נוּס	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	5 בֶּֽאֱרֹ֤ת	conj	they fled
10	מֶֽלֶךְ־	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 יָּנֻ֛סוּ	nsubj	the king
11	סְדֹ֥ם	סְדֹם	PROPN	_	10 מֶֽלֶךְ־	compound:smixut	of Sodom
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 עֲמֹרָ֖ה	cc	and
13	עֲמֹרָ֖ה	עֲמֹרָה	PROPN	_	11 סְדֹ֥ם	conj	Gomorrah
14	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 יִּפְּלוּ־	cc	and
15	יִּפְּלוּ־	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	5 בֶּֽאֱרֹ֤ת	conj	they fell
16	שָׁ֑מּ	שָׁם	ADV	_	15 יִּפְּלוּ־	advmod	to
17	ָה	ה	X	_	16 שָׁ֑מּ	nmod	(to)
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 נָּֽסוּ	cc	and
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 נִּשְׁאָרִ֖ים	det	[those
20	נִּשְׁאָרִ֖ים	שָׁאַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur	23 נָּֽסוּ	nsubj	who] survived
21	הֶ֥ר	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 נָּֽסוּ	obl	the hill country
22	ָה	ה	X	_	21 הֶ֥ר	nmod	to
23	נָּֽסוּ	נוּס	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	5 בֶּֽאֱרֹ֤ת	conj	they fled
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 נָּֽסוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יָּנֻסוּ they fled	wayyiqtol · qal	מֶֽלֶךְ־ the king
יִּפְּלוּ־ they fell	wayyiqtol · qal	מֶֽלֶךְ־ the king
נָּֽסוּ they fled	qatal · qal	נִּשְׁאָרִים who] survived

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּמֵישַׁר חַקְלַיָא בֵּירִין בֵּירִין מַסְקַן חֵימָרָא וַעֲרָקוּ מַלְכָּא דִסְדוֹם וַעֲמוֹרָה וּנְפָלוּ תַמָן וּדְאִשְׁתָּאֲרוּ לְטוּרָא עֲרָקוּ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now the vale of Siddim was full of slime pits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and they fell there, and they that remained fled to the mountain.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:346.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.14.10/