Genesis 19:4 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: feet, men · What happens: lie down, compass · To what, where: house

This is Genesis 19:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — feet, men — and what happens in the verse to house, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

טֶרֶם֮ יִשְׁכָּבוּ֒ וְאַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר אַנְשֵׁ֤י סְדֹם֙ נָסַ֣בּוּ עַל־הַבַּ֔יִת מִנַּ֖עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֑ן כָּל־הָעָ֖ם מִקָּצֶֽה׃

But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round, both young and old, all the people from every quarter.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	טֶרֶם֮	טֶרֶם	ADV	_	2 יִשְׁכָּבוּ֒	advmod	before
2	יִשְׁכָּבוּ֒	שָׁכַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they lay down
3	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 נָסַ֣בּוּ	cc	and
4	אַנְשֵׁ֨י	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 נָסַ֣בּוּ	nsubj	the men
5	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 עִ֜יר	det	of
6	עִ֜יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	4 אַנְשֵׁ֨י	compound:smixut	the city
7	אַנְשֵׁ֤י	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 אַנְשֵׁ֨י	appos	the men
8	סְדֹם֙	סְדֹם	PROPN	_	7 אַנְשֵׁ֤י	compound:smixut	of Sodom
9	נָסַ֣בּוּ	סָבַב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִשְׁכָּבוּ֒	conj	they surrounded
10	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	12 בַּ֔יִת	case	(on)
11	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 בַּ֔יִת	det	the
12	בַּ֔יִת	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 נָסַ֣בּוּ	obl	house
13	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	14 נַּ֖עַר	case	from
14	נַּ֖עַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 נָסַ֣בּוּ	obl	young man
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 זָקֵ֑ן	cc	and
16	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	17 זָקֵ֑ן	case	unto
17	זָקֵ֑ן	זָקֵן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 נַּ֖עַר	conj	old [man]
18	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִשְׁכָּבוּ֒	parataxis	all
19	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 עָ֖ם	det	the
20	עָ֖ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 כָּל־	compound:smixut	people
21	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	22 קָּצֶֽה	case	from [the]
22	קָּצֶֽה	קָצֶה	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 כָּל־	nmod	end
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 קָּצֶֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִשְׁכָּבוּ they lay down	yiqtol · qal
נָסַבּוּ they surrounded	qatal · niphal	אַנְשֵׁי the men

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

עַד לָא שְׁכִיבוּ וְאֲנָשֵׁי קַרְתָּא אֲנָשֵׁי סְדוֹם אַקִּיפוּ עַל בֵּיתָא מֵעוּלֵימָא וְעַד סָבָא כָּל עַמָּא מִסּוֹפֵהּ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round, both young and old, all the people from every quarter.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:461.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.19.4/