Genesis 28:12 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: Jacob, top, angels · What happens: dream, set up, reach, ascend, descend · To what, where: ladder, earth, top

This is Genesis 28:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jacob, top, angels — and what happens in the verse to ladder, earth, top, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַֽיַּחֲלֹ֗ם וְהִנֵּ֤ה סֻלָּם֙ מֻצָּ֣ב אַ֔רְצָה וְרֹאשׁ֖וֹ מַגִּ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמָ֑יְמָה וְהִנֵּה֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י אֱלֹהִ֔ים עֹלִ֥ים וְיֹרְדִ֖ים בּֽוֹ׃

And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven; and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּחֲלֹ֗ם	cc	and
2	יַּחֲלֹ֗ם	חָלַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he dreamed
3	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 מֻצָּ֣ב	cc	and
4	הִנֵּ֤ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	6 מֻצָּ֣ב	discourse	there!
5	סֻלָּם֙	סֻלָּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 מֻצָּ֣ב	nsubj	a stairway
6	מֻצָּ֣ב	נָצַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HOPHAL Number=Sing	2 יַּחֲלֹ֗ם	conj	[was] placed
7	אַ֔רְצ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 מֻצָּ֣ב	obl	the earth
8	ָה	ה	X	_	7 אַ֔רְצ	nmod	to
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 מַגִּ֣יעַ	cc	and
10	רֹאשׁ	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 מַגִּ֣יעַ	nsubj	top
11	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 רֹאשׁ	nmod:poss	its
12	מַגִּ֣יעַ	נָגַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing	6 מֻצָּ֣ב	conj	[was] reaching
13	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 שָּׁמָ֑יְמ	det	to
14	שָּׁמָ֑יְמ	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 מַגִּ֣יעַ	obl	the
15	ָה	ה	X	_	14 שָּׁמָ֑יְמ	nmod	heavens
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 עֹלִ֥ים	cc	and
17	הִנֵּה֙	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	20 עֹלִ֥ים	discourse	there!
18	מַלְאֲכֵ֣י	מַלְאָךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	20 עֹלִ֥ים	nsubj	the angels
19	אֱלֹהִ֔ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 מַלְאֲכֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of God
20	עֹלִ֥ים	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	2 יַּחֲלֹ֗ם	conj	[were] going up
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יֹרְדִ֖ים	cc	and [were]
22	יֹרְדִ֖ים	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	20 עֹלִ֥ים	conj	going down
23	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	24 ֽוֹ	case	on
24	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 עֹלִ֥ים	obl	it
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּחֲלֹם he dreamed	wayyiqtol · qal
מֻצָּב [was] placed	participle passive · hophal		סֻלָּם a stairway
מַגִּיעַ [was] reaching	participle active · hiphil	רֹאשׁ top
עֹלִים [were] going up	participle active · qal	מַלְאֲכֵי the angels
יֹרְדִים going down	participle active · qal	מַלְאֲכֵי the angels

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַחֲלַם וְהָא סֻלְמָא נָעִיץ בְּאַרְעָא וְרֵישֵׁהּ מָטֵי עַד צֵית שְׁמַיָּא וְהָא מַלְאָכַיָּא דַּיְיָ סָלְקִין וְנָחֲתִין בֵּהּ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven; and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:785.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.28.12/