Genesis 3:19 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: thou · What happens: eat, return, take, be · To what, where: bread, sweat, thou, ground

This is Genesis 3:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou — and what happens in the verse to bread, sweat, thou, ground, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

בְּזֵעַ֤ת אַפֶּ֙יךָ֙ תֹּ֣אכַל לֶ֔חֶם עַ֤ד שֽׁוּבְךָ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה כִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נָּה לֻקָּ֑חְתָּ כִּֽי־עָפָ֣ר אַ֔תָּה וְאֶל־עָפָ֖ר תָּשֽׁוּב׃

In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	2 זֵעַ֤ת	case	by
2	זֵעַ֤ת	זֵעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	5 תֹּ֣אכַל	obl	the sweat
3	אַפֶּ֙י	אַף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	2 זֵעַ֤ת	compound:smixut	your face
4	ךָ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 אַפֶּ֙י	nmod:poss	your
5	תֹּ֣אכַל	אָכַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	root	root	you will eat
6	לֶ֔חֶם	לֶחֶם	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 תֹּ֣אכַל	obj	food
7	עַ֤ד	עַד	ADP	_	8 שֽׁוּב	case	until
8	שֽׁוּב	שׁוּב	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	5 תֹּ֣אכַל	advcl	return
9	ְךָ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 שֽׁוּב	nsubj	you
10	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	12 אֲדָמָ֔ה	case	to
11	הָ֣	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 אֲדָמָ֔ה	det	the
12	אֲדָמָ֔ה	אֲדָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 שֽׁוּב	obl	ground
13	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	16 לֻקָּ֑חְתָּ	mark	(dm)
14	מִמּ	מִן	ADP	_	15 ֶ֖נָּה	case	from
15	ֶ֖נָּה	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 לֻקָּ֑חְתָּ	obl	it
16	לֻקָּ֑חְתָּ	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing Person=2	5 תֹּ֣אכַל	advcl	you were taken
17	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	18 עָפָ֣ר	mark	(dm)
18	עָפָ֣ר	עָפָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 תֹּ֣אכַל	advcl	[are] dust
19	אַ֔תָּה	אַתָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	18 עָפָ֣ר	nsubj	you
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 תָּשֽׁוּב	cc	and
21	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	22 עָפָ֖ר	case	to
22	עָפָ֖ר	עָפָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 תָּשֽׁוּב	obl	dust
23	תָּשֽׁוּב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	5 תֹּ֣אכַל	conj	you will return
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 תָּשֽׁוּב	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no
indirect: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תֹּאכַל you will eat	yiqtol · qal		לֶחֶם food
שֽׁוּב return	infinitive construct · qal	ְךָ you
לֻקָּחְתָּ you were taken	qatal · pual
תָּשֽׁוּב you will return	yiqtol · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

בְּזִעֲתָא דְאַפָּךְ תֵּיכוּל לַחְמָא עַד דְּתִיתוּב לְאַרְעָא דְּמִנַּהּ אִתְבְּרֵיתָא אֲרֵי עַפְרָא אַתְּ וּלְעַפְרָא תְּתוּב

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:74.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.3.19/