Genesis 32:18 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: sand, Esau, thou, these · What happens: command, say, meet, ask, be, go · To what, where: foremost, thee · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 32:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sand, Esau, thou, these — and what happens in the verse to foremost, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְצַ֥ו אֶת־הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן לֵאמֹ֑ר כִּ֣י יִֽפְגָּשְׁךָ֞עֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֗י וִשְׁאֵֽלְךָ֙לֵאמֹ֔ר לְמִי־אַ֙תָּה֙ וְאָ֣נָה תֵלֵ֔ךְ וּלְמִ֖י אֵ֥לֶּה לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃

And he commanded the foremost, saying: 'When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying: Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְצַ֥ו	cc	and
2	יְצַ֥ו	צָוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he commanded
3	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 רִאשׁ֖וֹן	case	(et)
4	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 רִאשׁ֖וֹן	det	the
5	רִאשׁ֖וֹן	רִאשׁוֹן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יְצַ֥ו	obj	first
6	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	9 יִֽפְגָּשׁ	mark	(cmp)
7	אמֹ֑ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	6 לֵ	fixed
8	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	9 יִֽפְגָּשׁ	mark	(dm)
9	יִֽפְגָּשׁ	פָּגַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְצַ֥ו	ccomp	he
10	ְךָ֞	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 יִֽפְגָּשׁ	obj	will meet you
11	עֵשָׂ֣ו	עֵשָׂו	PROPN	_	9 יִֽפְגָּשׁ	nsubj	Esau
12	אָח	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 עֵשָׂ֣ו	appos	brother
13	ִ֗י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 אָח	nmod:poss	my
14	וִ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 שְׁאֵֽל	cc	and
15	שְׁאֵֽל	שָׁאַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְצַ֥ו	conj	he
16	ְךָ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	15 שְׁאֵֽל	obj	will ask you
17	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	20 מִי־	mark	(cmp)
18	אמֹ֔ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	17 לֵ	fixed
19	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	20 מִי־	case	[belong] to
20	מִי־	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	15 שְׁאֵֽל	ccomp	whom?
21	אַ֙תָּה֙	אַתָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	20 מִי־	nsubj	you
22	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 תֵלֵ֔ךְ	cc	and
23	אָ֣נָה	אָן	PRON	PronType=Int	24 תֵלֵ֔ךְ	advmod	where?
24	תֵלֵ֔ךְ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	20 מִי־	conj	are you going
25	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 מִ֖י	cc	and [belong]
26	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	27 מִ֖י	case	to
27	מִ֖י	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	20 מִי־	conj	whom?
28	אֵ֥לֶּה	אֵלֶּה	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	27 מִ֖י	nsubj	these [animals]
29	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	30 פָנֶֽי	case	before
30	פָנֶֽי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 אֵ֥לֶּה	nmod
31	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	30 פָנֶֽי	nmod:poss	you
32	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	31 ךָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יְצַו he commanded	wayyiqtol · piel		רִאשׁוֹן first
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal
יִֽפְגָּשׁ he	yiqtol · qal	עֵשָׂו Esau	ְךָ will meet you
שְׁאֵֽל he	weqatal · qal	עֵשָׂו Esau	ְךָ will ask you
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	עֵשָׂו Esau
תֵלֵךְ are you going	yiqtol · qal	רִאשׁוֹן first

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּפַקִד יָת קַדְמָאָה לְמֵימָר אֲרֵי יְעַרְעִנָּךְ עֵשָׂו אָחִי וּשְׁאֵלִנָּךְ לְמֵימָר לְמָן אַתְּ וּלְאָן אַתְּ אָזֵל וּלְמָן אִלֵּין דִּקֳדָמָךְ

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And he commanded the foremost, saying: 'When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying: Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee?

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:945.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.32.18/