Genesis 44:4 בְּרֵאשִׁית

Who acts: men, Joseph, thou, ye · What happens: be, not be, say, follow, overtake, reward · To what, where: city, men, evil · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Genesis 44:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, Joseph, thou, ye — and what happens in the verse to city, men, evil, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הֵ֠ם יָֽצְא֣וּ אֶת־הָעִיר֮ לֹ֣א הִרְחִיקוּ֒ וְיוֹסֵ֤ף אָמַר֙ לַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־בֵּית֔וֹ ק֥וּם רְדֹ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְהִשַּׂגְתָּם֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לָ֛מָּה שִׁלַּמְתֶּ֥ם רָעָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת טוֹבָֽה׃

And when they were gone out of the city, and were not yet far off, Joseph said unto his steward: 'Up, follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say unto them: Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הֵ֠ם	הֵם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יָֽצְא֣וּ	nsubj	they
2	יָֽצְא֣וּ	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they went out
3	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 עִיר֮	case	(et)
4	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 עִיר֮	det	the
5	עִיר֮	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יָֽצְא֣וּ	obl	city
6	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	7 הִרְחִיקוּ֒	advmod	not
7	הִרְחִיקוּ֒	רָחַק	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָֽצְא֣וּ	parataxis	they had gone far
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 אָמַר֙	cc	and
9	יוֹסֵ֤ף	יוֹסֵף	PROPN	_	10 אָמַר֙	nsubj	Joseph
10	אָמַר֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָֽצְא֣וּ	conj	he said
11	לַֽ	לְ	ADP	_	10 אָמַר֙	obl	to
12	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	14 בֵּית	mark	[the one] who
13	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	14 בֵּית	case	[was] over
14	בֵּית	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 לַֽ	acl:relcl	household
15	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 בֵּית	nmod:poss	his
16	ק֥וּם	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	10 אָמַר֙	ccomp	arise
17	רְדֹ֖ף	רָדַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	16 ק֥וּם	parataxis	pursue
18	אַחֲרֵ֣י	אַחַר	ADP	_	20 אֲנָשִׁ֑ים	case	after
19	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 אֲנָשִׁ֑ים	det	the
20	אֲנָשִׁ֑ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	17 רְדֹ֖ף	obl	men
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 הִשַּׂגְתָּ	cc	and
22	הִשַּׂגְתָּ	נָשַׂג	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	16 ק֥וּם	conj	you
23	ם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 הִשַּׂגְתָּ	obj	will overtake them
24	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 אָמַרְתָּ֣	cc	and
25	אָמַרְתָּ֣	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	16 ק֥וּם	conj	you will say
26	אֲל	אֶל	ADP	_	27 ֵהֶ֔ם	case	to
27	ֵהֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 אָמַרְתָּ֣	obl	them
28	לָ֛	לָמָה	ADP	_	29 מָּה	case
29	מָּה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	30 שִׁלַּמְתֶּ֥ם	obl	why?
30	שִׁלַּמְתֶּ֥ם	שָׁלֵם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=2	25 אָמַרְתָּ֣	ccomp	have you repaid
31	רָעָ֖ה	רָעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	30 שִׁלַּמְתֶּ֥ם	obj	evil
32	תַּ֥חַת	תַּחַת	NOUN	_	30 שִׁלַּמְתֶּ֥ם	obl	for
33	טוֹבָֽה	טוֹבָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	32 תַּ֥חַת	compound:smixut	good
34	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	33 טוֹבָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יָֽצְאוּ they went out	qatal · qal	הֵם they
not הִרְחִיקוּ they had gone far	qatal · hiphil
אָמַר he said	qatal · qal	יוֹסֵף Joseph
קוּם arise	imperative · qal	בֵּית household
רְדֹף pursue	imperative · qal	בֵּית household
הִשַּׂגְתָּ you	weqatal · hiphil	ם will overtake them		בֵּית household
אָמַרְתָּ you will say	weqatal · qal	בֵּית household
שִׁלַּמְתֶּם have you repaid	qatal · piel	אֲנָשִׁים men	רָעָה evil

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

אִנּוּן נְפָקוּ מִן קַרְתָּא לָא אַרְחִיקוּ וְיוֹסֵף אֲמַר לְדִי מְמַנָּא עַל בֵּיתֵהּ קוּם רְדַף בָּתַר גֻּבְרַיָּא וְתַדְבְּקִנּוּן וְתֵימַר לְהוֹן לְמָה שַׁלֶמְתּוּן בִּישָׁא חֳלָף טַבְתָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And when they were gone out of the city, and were not yet far off, Joseph said unto his steward: 'Up, follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say unto them: Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good?

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:1328.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.4/