Leviticus 19:18 וַיִּקְרָא
Who acts: Thou, I · What happens: not take, bear, love, be · To what, where: vengeance, grudge, neighbour, LORD
This is Leviticus 19:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Thou, I — and what happens in the verse to vengeance, grudge, neighbour, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמ֑וֹךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | לֹֽא־ | לֹא | ADV | _ | 2 תִקֹּ֤ם | advmod | not |
| 2 | תִקֹּ֤ם | נָקַם | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2 | root | root | you will avenge yourself |
| 3 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 5 תִטֹּר֙ | cc | and |
| 4 | לֹֽא־ | לֹא | ADV | _ | 5 תִטֹּר֙ | advmod | not |
| 5 | תִטֹּר֙ | נָטַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2 | 2 תִקֹּ֤ם | conj | you will keep |
| 6 | אֶת־ | אֵת | ADP | _ | 7 בְּנֵ֣י | case | (et) |
| 7 | בְּנֵ֣י | בֵּן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 5 תִטֹּר֙ | obj | the sons |
| 8 | עַמּ | עַם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 7 בְּנֵ֣י | compound:smixut | your people |
| 9 | ֶ֔ךָ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 8 עַמּ | nmod:poss | your |
| 10 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 11 אָֽהַבְתָּ֥ | cc | and |
| 11 | אָֽהַבְתָּ֥ | אָהֵב | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2 | 2 תִקֹּ֤ם | conj | you will love |
| 12 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 13 רֵע | case | (to) |
| 13 | רֵע | רֵעַ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 11 אָֽהַבְתָּ֥ | obl | neighbor |
| 14 | ֲךָ֖ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 13 רֵע | nmod:poss | your |
| 15 | כָּמ֑וֹ | כְּמוֹ | ADP | _ | 16 ךָ | case | like |
| 16 | ךָ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 11 אָֽהַבְתָּ֥ | obl | yourself |
| 17 | אֲנִ֖י | אֲנִי | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 יְהוָֽה | nsubj | I |
| 18 | יְהוָֽה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 2 תִקֹּ֤ם | parataxis | [am] Yahweh |
| 19 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 18 יְהוָֽה | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- yes
- indirect
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| not תִקֹּם you will avenge yourself | yiqtol · qal | ||||
| not תִטֹּר you will keep | yiqtol · qal | בְּנֵי the sons | |||
| אָֽהַבְתָּ you will love | weqatal · qal |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Onkelos
לָא תִקוֹם וְלָא תִטַר דְבָבוּ לִבְנֵי עַמָךְ וּתְרַחֵם לְחַבְרָךְ כְּוָתָךְ אֲנָא יְיָ
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LEV:553.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.19.18/