Leviticus 19:18 · JPS 1917
Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.
Who acts: Thou, I · What happens: not take, bear, love, be · To what, where: vengeance, grudge, neighbour, LORD
This is Leviticus 19:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 take | nsubj |
| 2 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 4 take | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 take | advmod |
| 4 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | vengeance | vengeance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 take | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 bear | punct |
| 7 | nor | nor | CCONJ | _ | 8 bear | cc |
| 8 | bear | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 take | conj |
| 9 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 grudge | det |
| 10 | grudge | grudge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 bear | obj |
| 11 | against | against | ADP | _ | 13 children | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 children | det |
| 13 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 bear | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 people | case |
| 15 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 16 people | nmod:poss |
| 16 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 children | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 love | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 love | cc |
| 19 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 21 love | nsubj |
| 20 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 21 love | aux |
| 21 | love | love | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 take | conj |
| 22 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 23 neighbour | nmod:poss |
| 23 | neighbour | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 love | obj |
| 24 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 thyself | case |
| 25 | thyself | thyself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes Style=Arch | 21 love | obl |
| 26 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 30 LORD | punct |
| 27 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 LORD | nsubj |
| 28 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 LORD | cop |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 LORD | det |
| 30 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 take | parataxis |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 take | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- other
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=other
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not take | shall | Thou | vengeance | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme | ||||
| 2 | bear | infinitive | Thou not said here | any grudge | against the children of thy people | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grudge=Patient | |||
| 3 | love | shall | thou | thy neighbour | as thyself | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer neighbour=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | is a | present | I | the LORD | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמ֑וֹךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃
Leviticus 19:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LEV:559 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.559/