Numbers 13:28 בְּמִדְבַּר

Who acts: people, we · What happens: dwell, be, fortify, see · To what, where: land, cities, children

This is Numbers 13:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, we — and what happens in the verse to land, cities, children, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אֶ֚פֶס כִּֽי־עַ֣ז הָעָ֔ם הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְהֶֽעָרִ֗ים בְּצֻר֤וֹת גְּדֹלֹת֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְגַם־יְלִדֵ֥י הָֽעֲנָ֖ק רָאִ֥ינוּ שָֽׁם׃

Howbeit the people that dwell in the land are fierce, and the cities are fortified, and very great; and moreover we saw the children of Anak there.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אֶ֚פֶס	אֶפֶס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	nevertheless
2	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	1 אֶ֚פֶס	mark	(dm)
3	עַ֣ז	עַז	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 אֶ֚פֶס	parataxis	[is] strong
4	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 עָ֔ם	det	the
5	עָ֔ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 עַ֣ז	nsubj	people
6	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	7 יֹּשֵׁ֖ב	mark	[which]
7	יֹּשֵׁ֖ב	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	5 עָ֔ם	acl:relcl	dwells
8	בָּ	בְּ	ADP	_	10 אָ֑רֶץ	case	in
9	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 אָ֑רֶץ	det	the
10	אָ֑רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 יֹּשֵׁ֖ב	obl	land
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 בְּצֻר֤וֹת	cc	and
12	הֶֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 עָרִ֗ים	det	the
13	עָרִ֗ים	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	14 בְּצֻר֤וֹת	nsubj	cities
14	בְּצֻר֤וֹת	בָּצוּר	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	1 אֶ֚פֶס	conj	[are] fortified
15	גְּדֹלֹת֙	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	14 בְּצֻר֤וֹת	amod	large
16	מְאֹ֔ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	15 גְּדֹלֹת֙	advmod	very
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 רָאִ֥ינוּ	cc	and
18	גַם־	גַּם	ADV	_	22 רָאִ֥ינוּ	advmod	also
19	יְלִדֵ֥י	יָלִיד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	22 רָאִ֥ינוּ	obj	those born
20	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 עֲנָ֖ק	det	of (the)
21	עֲנָ֖ק	עָנָק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 יְלִדֵ֥י	compound:smixut	Anak
22	רָאִ֥ינוּ	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	1 אֶ֚פֶס	conj	we saw
23	שָֽׁם	שָׁם	ADV	_	22 רָאִ֥ינוּ	advmod	there
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 שָֽׁם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
יֹּשֵׁב dwells	participle active · qal	עָם people
רָאִינוּ we saw	qatal · qal		יְלִדֵי those born

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

לְחוֹד אֲרֵי תַקִיף עַמָא דְיָתֵב בְּאַרְעָא וְקִרְוַיָא כְּרִיכָן רַבְרְבִין לַחֲדָא וְאַף בְּנֵי גִבָּרַיָא חֲזֵינָא תַמָן

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Howbeit the people that dwell in the land are fierce, and the cities are fortified, and very great; and moreover we saw the children of Anak there.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:NUM:498.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.28/