Numbers 20:14 בְּמִדְבַּר

Who acts: Moses, brother, Thou, travail · What happens: send, say, know, befall · To what, where: messengers, Kadesh, travail, us · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Numbers 20:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moses, brother, Thou, travail — and what happens in the verse to messengers, Kadesh, travail, us, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֧ה מַלְאָכִ֛ים מִקָּדֵ֖שׁ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ אֱד֑וֹם כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אָחִ֣יךָ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתָּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַתְּלָאָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר מְצָאָֽתְנוּ׃

And Moses sent messengers from Kadesh unto the king of Edom: 'Thus saith thy brother Israel: Thou knowest all the travail that hath befallen us;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	cc	and
2	יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he sent
3	מֹשֶׁ֧ה	מֹשֶׁה	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	nsubj	Moses
4	מַלְאָכִ֛ים	מַלְאָךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	obj	messengers
5	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	6 קָּדֵ֖שׁ	case	from
6	קָּדֵ֖שׁ	קָדֵשׁ	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	obl	Kadesh
7	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	8 מֶ֣לֶךְ	case	to
8	מֶ֣לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	obl	the king
9	אֱד֑וֹם	אֱדוֹם	PROPN	_	8 מֶ֣לֶךְ	compound:smixut	of Edom
10	כֹּ֤ה	כֹּה	ADV	_	11 אָמַר֙	advmod	thus
11	אָמַר֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח	parataxis	he says
12	אָחִ֣י	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 אָמַר֙	nsubj	brother
13	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	12 אָחִ֣י	nmod:poss	your
14	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	12 אָחִ֣י	appos	Israel
15	אַתָּ֣ה	אַתָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 יָדַ֔עְתָּ	nsubj	you
16	יָדַ֔עְתָּ	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	11 אָמַר֙	ccomp	you know
17	אֵ֥ת	אֵת	ADP	_	18 כָּל־	case	(et)
18	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 יָדַ֔עְתָּ	obj	all
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 תְּלָאָ֖ה	det	the
20	תְּלָאָ֖ה	תְּלָאָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	18 כָּל־	compound:smixut	hardship
21	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	22 מְצָאָֽת	mark	which
22	מְצָאָֽת	מָצָא	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	18 כָּל־	acl:relcl	it
23	ְנוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	22 מְצָאָֽת	obj	has come upon us
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 ְנוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּשְׁלַח he sent	wayyiqtol · qal	מֹשֶׁה Moses	מַלְאָכִים messengers
אָמַר he says	qatal · qal	אָחִי brother
יָדַעְתָּ you know	qatal · qal	אַתָּה you	תְּלָאָה hardship
מְצָאָֽת it	qatal · qal	תְּלָאָה hardship	ְנוּ has come upon us

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וּשְׁלַח משֶׁה אִזְגַדִין מֵרְקָם לְוַת מַלְכָּא דֶאֱדוֹם כִּדְנַן אֲמַר אָחוּךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל אַתְּ יְדַעְתְּ יָת כָּל עָקְתָא דִי אַשְׁכַּחְתָּנָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Moses sent messengers from Kadesh unto the king of Edom: 'Thus saith thy brother Israel: Thou knowest all the travail that hath befallen us;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:NUM:720.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.20.14/