Numbers 35:12 בְּמִדְבַּר

Who acts: cities, manslayer · What happens: be, not die, stand · To what, where: avenger, congregation

This is Numbers 35:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — cities, manslayer — and what happens in the verse to avenger, congregation, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְהָי֨וּ לָכֶ֧ם הֶעָרִ֛ים לְמִקְלָ֖ט מִגֹּאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֤א יָמוּת֙ הָרֹצֵ֔חַ עַד־עָמְד֛וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י הָעֵדָ֖ה לַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃

And the cities shall be unto you for refuge from the avenger, that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation for judgment.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 מִקְלָ֖ט	cc	and
2	הָי֨וּ	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	8 מִקְלָ֖ט	cop	they will become
3	ל	לְ	ADP	_	4 ָכֶ֧ם	case	for
4	ָכֶ֧ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 מִקְלָ֖ט	obl	you
5	הֶ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 עָרִ֛ים	det	the
6	עָרִ֛ים	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	8 מִקְלָ֖ט	nsubj	cities
7	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	8 מִקְלָ֖ט	case	(into) a
8	מִקְלָ֖ט	מִקְלָט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	refuge
9	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	10 גֹּאֵ֑ל	case	from
10	גֹּאֵ֑ל	גָּאַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	8 מִקְלָ֖ט	nmod	an avenger
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יָמוּת֙	cc	and
12	לֹ֤א	לֹא	ADV	_	13 יָמוּת֙	advmod	not
13	יָמוּת֙	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 מִקְלָ֖ט	conj	he will die
14	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 רֹצֵ֔חַ	det	the
15	רֹצֵ֔חַ	רָצַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	13 יָמוּת֙	nsubj	killer
16	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	17 עָמְד	case	until
17	עָמְד	עָמַד	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	13 יָמוּת֙	advcl	stands
18	֛וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 עָמְד	nsubj	he
19	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	20 פְנֵ֥י	case	before
20	פְנֵ֥י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 עָמְד	obl
21	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 עֵדָ֖ה	det	the
22	עֵדָ֖ה	עֵדָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 פְנֵ֥י	compound:smixut	congregation
23	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	25 מִּשְׁפָּֽט	case	for
24	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 מִּשְׁפָּֽט	det	(the)
25	מִּשְׁפָּֽט	מִשְׁפָּט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 עָמְד	obl	judgment
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 מִּשְׁפָּֽט	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
הָיוּ they will become	weqatal · qal	עָרִים cities
not יָמוּת he will die	yiqtol · qal	רֹצֵחַ killer
עָמְד stands	infinitive construct · qal	וֹ he

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וִיהוֹן לְכוֹן קִרְוַיָא לְשֵׁזָבָא מִגָאֵל דְמָא וְלָא יְמוּת קָטוֹלָא עַד דְיֵקוּם קֳדָם כְּנִשְׁתָּא לְדִינָא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the cities shall be unto you for refuge from the avenger, that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation for judgment.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:NUM:1253.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.35.12/