Exodus 22:13 · JPS 1917
And if a man borrow aught of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof not being with it, he shall surely make restitution.
Who acts: man, owner · What happens: borrow, hurt, die, not be, make · To what, where: aught, restitution
This is Exodus 22:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, owner), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 make | cc |
| 2 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 5 borrow | mark |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 man | det |
| 4 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 borrow | nsubj |
| 5 | borrow | borrow | VERB | Mood=Sub Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 make | advcl |
| 6 | aught | aught | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 borrow | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 neighbour | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 neighbour | nmod:poss |
| 9 | neighbour | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 aught | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 hurt | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 hurt | cc |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 hurt | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 hurt | aux:pass |
| 14 | hurt | hurt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 borrow | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 die | punct |
| 16 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 die | cc |
| 17 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 hurt | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 it | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 owner | det |
| 20 | owner | owner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 it | nsubj |
| 21 | thereof | thereof | ADV | _ | 20 owner | advmod |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 25 it | advmod |
| 23 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 it | cop |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 it | case |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 make | advcl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 owner | punct |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 make | nsubj |
| 28 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 make | aux |
| 29 | surely | surely | ADV | _ | 30 make | advmod |
| 30 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 31 | restitution | restitution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 make | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 30 make | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- indirect
- yes
- teacher
- changed act=request, indirect=1, voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | borrow a condition, not said to happen | present | a man | aught of man's neighbour | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aught=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hurt | infinitive · passive | aught | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 3 | die | infinitive | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||||
| 4 | not is | gerund | the owner | with owner | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | make | shall | man | restitution | surely property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent restitution=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְכִֽי־יִשְׁאַ֥ל אִ֛ישׁ מֵעִ֥ם רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר אוֹ־מֵ֑ת בְּעָלָ֥יו אֵין־עִמּ֖וֹ שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃
Exodus 22:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EXO:629 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.629/