Genesis 44:16 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

And Judah said: 'What shall we say unto my lord? what shall we speak? or how shall we clear ourselves?

Who acts: Judah, we · What happens: say, speak, clear · To what, where: ourselves · Speech: someone speaks here

This is Genesis 44:16 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Judah, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 said	cc
2	Judah	Judah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 say	punct
5	'	'	PUNCT	_	9 say	punct
6	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	9 say	obj
7	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 say	aux
8	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	9 say	nsubj
9	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 said	ccomp
10	unto	unto	ADP	_	12 lord	case
11	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 lord	nmod:poss
12	lord	lord	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 say	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 say	punct
14	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	17 speak	obj
15	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 speak	aux
16	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 speak	nsubj
17	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 said	ccomp
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	17 speak	punct
19	or	or	CCONJ	_	23 clear	cc
20	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	23 clear	advmod
21	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 clear	aux
22	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	23 clear	nsubj
23	clear	clear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 said	conj
24	ourselves	ourselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	23 clear	obj
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	23 clear	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	Judah			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	say speech: assert	shall	we		unto my lord	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic
3	speak speech: other	shall	we			tree rules
4	clear	shall	we	ourselves		vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent ourselves=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֗ה מַה־נֹּאמַר֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י מַה־נְּדַבֵּ֖ר וּמַה־נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים מָצָא֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ הִנֶּנּ֤וּ עֲבָדִים֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י גַּם־אֲנַ֕חְנוּ גַּ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־נִמְצָ֥א הַגָּבִ֖יעַ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃

Genesis 44:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →

This verse in JPS 1917:

And Judah said: 'What shall we say unto my lord? what shall we speak? or how shall we clear ourselves?
God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants; behold, we are my lord's bondmen, both we, and he also in whose hand the cup is found.'

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:GEN:1454 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1454/