Leviticus 20:23 · JPS 1917
And ye shall not walk in the customs of the nation, which I am casting out before you; for they did all these things, and therefore I abhorred them.
Who acts: ye, I, customs · What happens: not walk, cast out, do, abhor · To what, where: customs, nation, things
This is Leviticus 20:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, I, customs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 walk | cc |
| 2 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 5 walk | nsubj |
| 3 | shall | shall | AUX | Mood=Ind VerbForm=Fin | 5 walk | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 walk | advmod |
| 5 | walk | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 customs | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 customs | det |
| 8 | customs | custom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 walk | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 nation | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 nation | det |
| 11 | nation | nation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 customs | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 casting | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 casting | obj |
| 14 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 casting | nsubj |
| 15 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 casting | aux |
| 16 | casting | cast | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 nation | acl:relcl |
| 17 | out | out | ADP | _ | 16 casting | compound:prt |
| 18 | before | before | ADP | _ | 19 you | case |
| 19 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 casting | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 did | punct |
| 21 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 23 did | mark |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 did | nsubj |
| 23 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 walk | advcl |
| 24 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 26 things | det:predet |
| 25 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 26 things | det |
| 26 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 did | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 abhorred | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 abhorred | cc |
| 29 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 31 abhorred | advmod |
| 30 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 31 abhorred | nsubj |
| 31 | abhorred | abhor | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 walk | conj |
| 32 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 abhorred | obj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 walk | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- request
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed act=request
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not walk | shall | ye | the customs of the nation | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in custom=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | cast out | present · progressive | I | the nation | before you | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent which=Theme before you=Destination | |||
| 3 | do | past | customs = custom | all things | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | abhor | past | I | customs = custom | therefore property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְלֹ֤א תֵֽלְכוּ֙ בְּחֻקֹּ֣ת הַגּ֔וֹי אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֤י אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ עָשׂ֔וּ וָאָקֻ֖ץ בָּֽם׃
Leviticus 20:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LEV:602 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.602/