Leviticus 20:23 וַיִּקְרָא

Who acts: ye, I, customs · What happens: not walk, cast out, do, abhor · To what, where: customs, nation, things

This is Leviticus 20:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, I, customs — and what happens in the verse to customs, nation, things, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְלֹ֤א תֵֽלְכוּ֙ בְּחֻקֹּ֣ת הַגּ֔וֹי אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֤י אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ עָשׂ֔וּ וָאָקֻ֖ץ בָּֽם׃

And ye shall not walk in the customs of the nation, which I am casting out before you; for they did all these things, and therefore I abhorred them.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 תֵֽלְכוּ֙	cc	and
2	לֹ֤א	לֹא	ADV	_	3 תֵֽלְכוּ֙	advmod	not
3	תֵֽלְכוּ֙	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	you will walk
4	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 חֻקֹּ֣ת	case	in
5	חֻקֹּ֣ת	חֻקָּה	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 תֵֽלְכוּ֙	obl	the statutes
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 גּ֔וֹי	det	of
7	גּ֔וֹי	גּוֹי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 חֻקֹּ֣ת	compound:smixut	the nation
8	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	10 מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ	mark	which
9	אֲנִ֥י	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ	nsubj	I
10	מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing	7 גּ֔וֹי	acl:relcl	[am] about to send away
11	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	12 פְּנֵי	case	from
12	פְּנֵי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ	obl	before
13	כֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	12 פְּנֵי	nmod:poss	you
14	כִּ֤י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	18 עָשׂ֔וּ	mark	(dm)
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 כָּל־	case	(et)
16	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 עָשׂ֔וּ	obj	all
17	אֵ֙לֶּה֙	אֵלֶּה	DET	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	16 כָּל־	det	these [things]
18	עָשׂ֔וּ	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 תֵֽלְכוּ֙	advcl	they have done
19	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 אָקֻ֖ץ	cc	and
20	אָקֻ֖ץ	קוּץ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	3 תֵֽלְכוּ֙	conj	I loathed
21	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	22 ָֽם	case	(in)
22	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 אָקֻ֖ץ	obl	them
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes
indirect: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not תֵֽלְכוּ you will walk	yiqtol · qal
מְשַׁלֵּחַ [am] about to send away	participle active · piel	אֲנִי I	גּוֹי the nation
עָשׂוּ they have done	qatal · qal	גּוֹי the nation	אֵלֶּה these [things]
אָקֻץ I loathed	wayyiqtol · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְלָא תְהָכוּן בְּנִימוֹסֵי עַמְמַיָא דִי אֲנָא מַגְלֵי מִן קֳדָמֵיכוֹן אֲרֵי יָת כָּל אִלֵין עֲבָדוּ וְרָחִיק מֵימְרִי יָתְהוֹן

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And ye shall not walk in the customs of the nation, which I am casting out before you; for they did all these things, and therefore I abhorred them.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LEV:595.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.20.23/