astonished
part of speech
adjective (astonished); verb form (past of «astonish»: astonish, astonishes, astonished, astonishing)
meaning for a pupil
1) Very surprised, so much that you can hardly believe it. tree →
2) (verb, past) Surprised someone very much: «The news astonished us.» tree →
sense in the lessons
In the Tanakh and Jewish tradition: It means shocked and horrified, as enemies will be at the ruin of the land. In Job it also means amazed or struck dumb, even the pillars of heaven trembling at God's rebuke. Interpretation: Tradition reads this as a warning in the curses that even enemies will be shocked at the land's emptiness when Israel is exiled. Job's words are read as a picture of all creation in awe of God. In the primary lessons: Alice is astonished again and again in Wonderland: at a rabbit with a watch, at growing taller than a house, at the grinning cat. In stories, «astonished» is stronger than «surprised». In science lessons, results can astonish us when they go against what we expected. Phrases: «astonished at/by», «astonished to see».
examples
- And I will bring the land into desolation; and your enemies that dwell therein shall be astonished at it. (Torah LEV.26.32, JPS 1917) tree →
- The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at His rebuke. (Writings JOB.26.11, JPS 1917) tree →
- Turn unto me, and be astonished, and lay your hand upon your mouth. (Writings JOB.21.5, JPS 1917) tree →
- Upright men are astonished at this, and the innocent stirreth up himself against the godless. (Writings JOB.17.8, JPS 1917) tree →
- Alice was astonished to see a rabbit take a watch out of its pocket. tree →
- We were astonished by the size of the dinosaur skeleton. tree →
- Mum was astonished when I tidied my room without being asked. tree →
- The crowd stared, astonished, at the magician. tree →
- The Mole was astonished by the river. tree →
- The results of the experiment astonished the class. tree →
- "I am astonished also!" said the General. tree →
note
«Astonished» describes the person who feels it; «astonishing» describes the thing that causes it: I was astonished; the trick was astonishing. Close words: amazed, astounded.
In the corpora
- And I will bring the land into desolation; and your enemies that dwell therein shall be astonished at it.
- Be astonished, O ye heavens, at this, and be horribly afraid, be ye exceeding amazed, saith the LORD.
- And Edom shall become an astonishment; every one that passeth by it shall be astonished and shall hiss at all the plagues thereof.
- Upright men are astonished at this, and the innocent stirreth up himself against the godless.
- They that come after shall be astonished at his day, as they that went before are affrighted.
Trees and pragmatics
Every meaning and example of «astonished» parsed by Mova, each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.