outward
part of speech
adjective; adverb (outward, outwards)
meaning for a pupil
1) Outward means going away from the centre or from a place, towards the outside. tree →
2) Outward also means what you can see on the outside, not what is inside or felt, like outward calm. tree →
3) An outward journey is the trip there, not the trip back. tree →
sense in the lessons
In the Tanakh and Jewish tradition: Besides meaning toward the outside, in Chronicles and Nehemiah it means the outer business of the Temple and the nation, such as officers, judges and tasks away from the Temple's inner service. Circumcision is called an outward and visible sign of God's promise to Abraham, and the tradition reads it as the covenant carried in the body. Interpretation: The Levites who handled the outward business are read as serving God in daily public life as well as in the sanctuary. Circumcision is read as the covenant carried in the body. In the primary lessons: In science and maths things can spread outward from a centre (ripples, circles); in stories a character's outward look may hide their real feelings. Phrases: «outward journey», «outward appearance», «spread outward».
examples
- And the open land about the cities, which ye shall give unto the Levites, shall be from the wall of the city and outward a thousand cubits round about. (Torah NUM.35.4, JPS 1917) tree →
- The Covenant of Circumcision was to be an outward and visible sign of the Divine promise made to Abraham and his offspring. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893) tree →
- Of the Izharites, Chenaniah and his sorts were for the outward business over Israel, for officers and judges. (Writings 1CH.26.29, JPS 1917) tree →
- and Shabbethai and Jozabad, of the chiefs of the Levites, who had the oversight of the outward business of the house of God; (Writings NEH.11.16, JPS 1917) tree →
- The ripples spread outward from the stone. tree →
- The door opens outward. tree →
- The outward journey took two hours. tree →
- Her outward calm hid how nervous she was. tree →
- The petals curl outward. tree →
- Don't judge people by their outward appearance. tree →
- The circle grew outward. tree →
- Do not trust alone to outward appearances. tree →
note
«Outward» and «outwards» are both used as adverbs; «outwards» is more British. Opposite: inward(s). Adverb: outwardly (on the outside). Outward journey = the way there; return journey = the way back.
In the corpora
- Of the Izharites, Chenaniah and his sorts were for the outward business over Israel, for officers and judges.
- Musk oxen form a ring facing outwards, with calves in the middle, so wolves meet only a wall of horns.
- Water inside plant cells pushes outwards and keeps stems firm, like air in a balloon; without enough water the plant wilts.
- A salad spinner flings the water outward and off the leaves through the holes; hospitals spin blood fast to separate it into layers.
- Cyclists lean into a bend so they do not fall outwards.
Trees and pragmatics
Every meaning and example of «outward» parsed by Mova, each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.