P
- persevere verb (persevere, perseveres, persevered, persevering)
1) To keep trying to do something even when it is difficult or you fail at first, and not give up. - persian adjective (Persian); noun (a Persian, Persians; Persian — the language, uncountable; a Persian cat)
Persian describes Persia, the old name for Iran, and its people, history and culture. - persimmon noun (plural persimmons)
A sweet orange fruit that grows on a tree in warm lands. An unripe persimmon is very hard and bitter. - persist verb (persist, persists, persisted, persisting)
To persist is to keep doing something even when it is hard or other people want you to stop. - persistence noun (persistence, uncountable)
Persistence is going on trying to do something even when it is hard or other people want you to stop. - persistent adjective (persistent; persistently adv.)
A persistent person keeps on trying and does not give up easily. - persistently adverb
Persistently means continuing again and again without stopping or giving up. - person noun (person, people, persons)
A person is a man, woman or child, one human being. - personage noun (a personage, personages — formal)
1) (formal) An important or famous person. 2) A character in a play or story. - personal adjective (personal)
Personal means belonging to or about one particular person. - personalised adjective (personalised); verb (personalise, personalises, personalised, personalising)
Personalised means made specially for one person, often with their name or initials on it. - personality noun (a personality, personalities)
Your personality is the kind of person you are: your character, the way you think, feel and behave. - personally adverb (personally)
Used to give your own opinion: Personally, I prefer cats. - personification noun (personification, uncountable; a personification, personifications)
1) Personification is a way of writing that gives human feelings or actions to things that are not human: «The wind howled.» «The sun… - personify verb (personify, personifies, personified, personifying)
To describe a thing, animal or idea as if it were a person, with human feelings or actions: "The wind howled angrily.". - personnel noun, plural in meaning (personnel); also «Personnel» = a department
The people who work for an organisation, such as an army, a hospital or a company; staff. - perspective noun (a perspective, perspectives; perspective — uncountable)
A perspective is a way of thinking about or seeing something, a point of view («from my perspective»). - perspiration noun (perspiration — uncountable)
Perspiration is sweat: the salty water that comes out of your skin when you are hot or working hard. - perspire verb (perspire, perspires, perspired, perspiring)
1) (formal or polite) To sweat; to give off liquid through your skin when you are hot, nervous or working hard. - persuade verb (persuade, persuades, persuaded, persuading)
To persuade someone is to make them agree to do something or believe something by giving good reasons or by asking nicely. - persuasion noun (persuasion, persuasions)
Persuasion is getting someone to believe or do something by giving good reasons. - persuasive adjective (persuasive, more persuasive, most persuasive; adverb persuasively)
Persuasive means good at making people agree with you or do what you want: a persuasive speaker. - pert adjective (pert, perter, pertest)
1) Pert means cheeky and bold, not showing proper respect to someone older. 2) (old use) Neat, lively and smart. - pertain verb (pertain, pertains, pertained, pertaining)
«Pertain to»: to be about, be connected with, or belong to something (the rules pertaining to safety). - pertinent adjective (pertinent, more pertinent, most pertinent)
1) (formal) Pertinent means closely connected to the subject being talked about, and useful for it; relevant. - perturbation noun (a perturbation, perturbations)
Worry or anxiety; being upset: "She showed no perturbation.". - perturbed adjective (perturbed; verb perturb, perturbs, perturbed, perturbing)
Worried and unsettled, so that you cannot feel calm. - perusal noun (perusal; usually singular)
The act of reading something carefully and thoroughly. - peruse verb (peruse, peruses, perused, perusing)
To read or look at something carefully and in detail. - peruvian adjective (Peruvian); noun (a Peruvian, Peruvians)
1) From or belonging to Peru, a country in South America. 2) A person from Peru. - pervade verb (pervades, pervaded, pervading)
To spread through every part of a place or thing, filling it all. - pervert verb (pervert, perverts, perverted, perverting); noun (a pervert, perverts)
verb: To change something so that it is used wrongly or for a bad purpose: "pervert the truth". - pes noun (pes, plural pedes) (science, Latin); also an abbreviation or fragment
The foot, or the foot part of an animal's back leg; used by scientists, as in "pes planus" (flat foot). - pesach proper noun (Pesach)
1) (Jewish faith) Pesach is the Hebrew name for Passover, a spring festival when Jewish people remember how God freed the Israelites from… - pest noun (a pest, pests)
A pest is an insect or animal that harms crops, food, gardens or homes, such as rats, mice, cockroaches or greenfly. - pesticide noun (a pesticide, pesticides; also uncountable)
A pesticide is a chemical used to kill pests — insects, weeds, fungi or small animals that damage crops or gardens. - pestilence noun (a pestilence, pestilences)
A deadly disease that spreads quickly through many people, such as the plague. - pestilent adjective (old use)
1) Causing disease or illness, carrying plague. 2) Very annoying or troublesome. - pestle noun (plural pestles)
A heavy stick with a rounded end, used for crushing and grinding things in a mortar. - pet noun (pet, pets); verb (pet, pets, petted, petting); adjective (pet)
A pet is an animal that lives with people at home and is cared for, like a cat, dog, rabbit, fish or hamster. - petal noun (a petal, petals)
A petal is one of the thin, often brightly coloured parts that make up the outer ring of a flower. - petite adjective (petite)
1) (of a girl or woman) Small, short and slim in a pretty way. 2) Used for clothing sizes for shorter women. - petition noun (a petition, petitions); verb (petition, petitions, petitioned, petitioning)
A petition is a written request, signed by many people, asking someone in power to do or change something. - petitionary adjective (petitionary)
1) (church, formal) Petitionary means asking for something; petitionary prayer is prayer that asks God for help or for something needed… - petrifaction noun (no plural)
1) The turning of something into stone. 2) (formal) A state of being so frightened that you cannot move. - petrification noun (petrification, uncountable)
The process by which a dead plant or animal slowly turns into stone over a very long time, as minerals replace it: petrified wood. - petrifying verb (petrify, petrifies, petrified, petrifying); also adjective
1) To petrify is to turn something into stone. 2) To petrify is to frighten someone so badly they cannot move. - petrol noun (petrol)
1) Petrol is a liquid fuel made from oil that is put into cars and other engines to make them go. - petroleum noun (petroleum — uncountable)
Petroleum is crude oil: a thick, dark liquid found deep underground that is used to make petrol, diesel, plastics and many other things. - petticoat noun (plural petticoats)
1) A skirt worn under a dress, long ago. 2) (old use, in fairy tales) A magic garment that does odd things in a tale. - pettifog verb (pettifog, pettifogs, pettifogged, pettifogging — old, rare)
1) (old) To argue about small, unimportant details in a fussy way. 2) (old) To act as a petty, tricky lawyer who works on small, mean cases. - petting verb form (-ing form of «pet»: pet, pets, petted, petting); noun (petting)
1) Stroking an animal gently and kindly. 2) (as in «petting zoo») A place where children can touch and stroke farm animals. - pettishly adverb (pettishly)
1) In a cross, sulky, childish way, as when someone is easily annoyed about small things. - petty adjective (petty, pettier, pettiest)
1) Small and unimportant: petty problems. 2) Caring too much about small things in a mean way: «Don't be so petty!» 3) Minor, less… - pew noun (a pew, pews); interjection (pew, also pee-yew, informal)
A long wooden bench with a back, where people sit in a church. - pewter noun (no plural)
A soft grey metal, a mix of tin with lead or other metals, used for plates, cups and toy soldiers. - ph noun (pH); letters (ph)
pH is a number that shows how acidic or alkaline a liquid is, on a scale from 0 to 14. - phage noun (a phage, phages); short for bacteriophage
A tiny virus that attacks and kills bacteria, not people. - phantom noun (plural phantoms)
1) A ghost or spirit that seems to appear and then vanish. 2) Something that seems to be there but is not real. - pharaoh noun (a pharaoh, pharaohs; Pharaoh as a title)
A pharaoh was a king of ancient Egypt, who ruled the land and was thought by Egyptians to be a god. - pharmacist noun (a pharmacist, pharmacists)
1) A trained person who prepares and sells medicines and explains how to take them safely. - pharmacy noun (a pharmacy, pharmacies)
A pharmacy is a shop or part of a shop where medicines are sold and prescriptions are given out. - phase noun (a phase, phases); verb (phase in, phase out)
A phase is one stage of something that changes over time. - pheasant noun (a pheasant, pheasants or pheasant)
A large bird with a long tail; the males have bright copper, green and red feathers, while females are brown. - phenomenon noun (a phenomenon, phenomena)
Something that happens or exists, which can be seen or studied, especially in nature or science: a natural phenomenon. - pheromone noun (a pheromone, pheromones)
1) A pheromone is a chemical that an animal gives off to send a message to others of its own kind, such as «follow me», «danger» or «I am… - phial noun (plural phials)
A small glass bottle for holding liquid, often medicine. - philippine adjective (Philippine); noun (the Philippines)
Philippine means belonging to or coming from the Philippines, a country in Southeast Asia made of more than 7,000 islands. - philistine noun (a philistine, philistines; the Philistines — Bible); adjective (philistine)
1) (Bible) The Philistines were an ancient people who lived along the coast of Canaan and were often at war with the Israelites; Goliath… - philologist noun (philologists)
1) A philologist is a person who studies how languages developed and how words changed over time. - philosopher noun (a philosopher, philosophers)
A philosopher is a person who thinks and writes about big questions, such as what is true, what is right and wrong, and what life means. - philosophical adjective (philosophical; adverb philosophically)
To do with philosophy — thinking deeply about big questions like what is true, right or real. - philosophy noun (philosophy, philosophies)
1) Philosophy is the study of big questions about life, knowledge, right and wrong, the mind and what is real, by thinking carefully and… - philtre noun (philtres)
1) A philtre is a magic drink that is meant to make someone fall in love or act strangely. - phoebe noun (a phoebe, phoebes); proper noun (Phoebe — a name)
Phoebe is a girl's name, from an old Greek word meaning bright or shining. - phoenician adjective (Phoenician); noun (a Phoenician, Phoenicians)
1) Belonging to Phoenicia, an ancient land of trading cities (like Tyre, Sidon and Byblos) on the coast of what is now Lebanon, about… - phoenix noun (a phoenix, phoenixes); proper noun (Phoenix, a city)
A phoenix is a magical bird from old stories that burns itself in fire and is born again from its own ashes. - phone noun (phone, phones); verb (phone, phones, phoned, phoning)
A phone is a device for calling and talking to people far away. - phoneme noun (a phoneme, phonemes)
1) (language) The smallest unit of sound in a language that can change the meaning of a word, such as /c/, /a/, /t/ in "cat"; changing /c/… - phonetic adjective (phonetic)
1) Connected with the sounds of speech. 2) Written in a way that shows exactly how a word sounds: "a phonetic spelling". 3) (phonetic… - phonetically adverb (phonetically)
In a way that matches the sounds of speech: "Spell it phonetically" means write it the way it sounds. - phonics noun (phonics — uncountable, used with a singular verb)
Phonics is a way of learning to read by matching letters and groups of letters to the sounds they make. - phosphoric adjective (phosphoric)
Containing phosphorus, especially in "phosphoric acid", a chemical used in fertilisers, rust remover and some fizzy drinks like cola. - phosphorus noun (phosphorus — uncountable); adjective forms: phosphorous, phosphoric
Phosphorus is a chemical element, a non-metal with the symbol P and atomic number 15. - photo noun (photo, photos)
1) A photo is a picture taken with a camera or a phone. 2) Photo is short for photograph. - photocopier noun (a photocopier, photocopiers)
A photocopier is a machine that makes paper copies of documents or pictures quickly. - photograph noun (photograph, photographs); verb (photograph, photographs, photographed, photographing)
1) A photograph is a picture made with a camera. 2) To photograph something is to take a picture of it with a camera. - photographer noun (photographer, photographers)
1) A person who takes photographs, either as a job or as a hobby. 2) The person who took a particular photo. - photographic adjective (photographic)
Photographic means to do with photographs or photography. - photography noun (photography, uncountable)
Photography is the art, hobby or job of taking photographs with a camera or phone. - photoshop verb (photoshop, photoshops, photoshopped, photoshopping); noun (Photoshop – the program, a trademark)
1) (Photoshop, noun) A computer program used to edit pictures. 2) (verb, informal) To change a photo digitally, often to make it look… - photosphere noun (the photosphere)
The photosphere is the bright outer surface of the Sun (or another star) that we see, from which most of its light shines out. - photosynthesis noun (photosynthesis)
1) Photosynthesis is the way green plants make their own food using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide from the air, giving out oxygen. - phrasal adjective (phrasal)
1) Made of a phrase, or to do with phrases. 2) In "phrasal verb": a verb made of a verb plus a small word like up, out, off or on, which… - phrase noun (a phrase, phrases); verb (phrase, phrases, phrased, phrasing)
A small group of words that go together but is not a whole sentence. - physical adjective (physical); noun (a physical — US, a medical check)
Physical means about the body, not the mind: physical exercise, physical pain. - physically adverb (physically)
In a way that is about the body, not the mind: physically fit. - physician noun (a physician, physicians)
1) (formal, especially US) A medical doctor, especially one who treats illness with medicine rather than surgery. - physicist noun (a physicist, physicists)
1) A scientist who studies physics: the science of matter, energy, forces, light, sound, electricity and how the universe works. - physics noun (physics, uncountable)
Physics is the science of matter and energy and how they act: forces, motion, light, sound, heat, electricity, magnetism and the universe.
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