קָשֶׁה

adj. hard, severe;—abs. ק׳ Ex 18:26 +; cstr. 32:9 +; fs. קָשָׁה Dt 26:6 +; cstr. קְשַׁת 1 S 1:15; mpl. קָשִׁים 2 S 3:39; cstr. קְשֵׁי Ez 2:4; 3:7; fpl. קָשׁוֹת Gn 42:7, 30;— hard, difficult, of a legal question (דָּבָר) Ex 18:26 (E). severe, of battle 2 S 2:17, wind Is 27:8, servitude (עֲבֹדָה) 1 K 12:4 = 2 Ch 10:4; Dt 26:6; Is 14:3; Ex 1:14; 6:9 (both P); as n.coll. הִרְאִיתָ עַמְּךָ קָשָׁה ψ 60:5 thou hast made thy people see severe things; קְשֵׁה יוֹם Jb 30:25 i.e. one whose time (life) is hard, so 1 S 1:15 (reading קְשַׁת יוֹם for ק׳ רוּחַ, 𝔊 Th We Dr al.); severe, rough, of lord (אֲדֹנִים) Is 19:4, cf. 2 S 3:29 (c. מִן comp. [מִמֶּנּוּ? v. HPS]); הָלוֹךְ וְקָשָׁה עַל־ Ju 4:24 the hand of the sons of Israel went on being more and more severe upon Jabin; fierce, relentless, of י׳’s sword Is 27:1 (in fig.); rough, rude 1 S 25:3; severe things, of language Gn 42:7, 30 (E; c. דִּבֶּר), 1 S 20:10 1 K 12:13 = 2 Ch 10:13 (all c. עָנָה); וְאָנֹכִי שָׁלוּחַ אֵלַיִךְ קָשָׁה 1 K 14:6 I am commissioned with a severe (message) unto thee (Ges§ 121 d. N. 1 DaSynt. §§ 75 (d), 80); חָזוּת קָשָׁה Is 21:2. fierce, intense, vehement, of קִנְאָה Ct 8:6 (‖ עַוָּה; cf. Gn 49:9). עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף a people stiff of neck, stubborn, Ex 32:9; 33:3, 5; 34:9 (all JE), Dt 9:6, 13; עָרְפְּךָ הַקָּשֶׁה, 31:27; cf. דַּרְכָּם הַקָּשָׁה Ju 2:19; קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ez 2:4 (+ חִזְקֵי־לֵב), קְשֵׁי־לֵב 3:7 (+ חִזְקֵי־מֵצַח); ק׳ alone = stubborn Is 48:4.