Mova0.5 pre-release⌕
☰
home / docs / papers / Ancient Hebrew / An Optative Indicative? A Real Factual Past? Toward a Cognitive-Typological Approach to the Precative Qatal

An Optative Indicative? A Real Factual Past? Toward a Cognitive-Typological Approach to the Precative Qatal

What it is about

One of the author's series on rare senses of qatal. About 98% of qatal uses are indicative (perfect, past, stative), but some twenty cases, mostly in the Psalms, express a wish or a command: "Rescue me from the mouth of the lions; save me (qatal) from the horns of the wild oxen" (Ps 22:22). In the clear cases the qatal follows an imperative or a modal yiqtol addressed to the same person; a few disputed cases stand without a modal head and are read as precative from the setting (a prayer). Comparative evidence (Akkadian, Arabic, other Semitic precatives built on the suffix form) and typology (perfects that become modal in wish and curse contexts) are used to show that this is "modal contamination" of an old resultative in prayer contexts. Since the form is not distinguished morphologically, the precative is a sense of qatal, not a separate gram.

Ideas

For Mova

I1 is a candidate rule for tools/macula/src/prag.rs (it touches the act column), kept off unless measured; I2 needs trees beyond the Torah. I3 is a paragraph for The verb (qatal, modal uses), next to the performative qatal from the same author.

Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.5508/jhs.2013.v13.a4

@article{andrason2013optative,
  title = {{An Optative Indicative? A Real Factual Past? Toward a Cognitive-Typological Approach to the Precative Qatal}},
  author = {Andrason, Alexander},
  journal = {Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 13},
  year = {2013},
  doi = {10.5508/jhs.2013.v13.a4},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5508/jhs.2013.v13.a4}
}

References

97 references, 2 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

  1. Aikhenvald, A. 2004. Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. find
  2. Andersen, D. 2000. The Evolution of the Hebrew Verbal System. Zeitschrift für Althebraistik 13/1: 1–66. find
  3. Andrason, A. 2010a. The Panchronic Yiqtol. Functionally Consistent and Cognitively Plausible. Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 10/10: 1–63. find our card
  4. . 2010b. The Akkadian Iprus from the Unidirectional Perspective. Journal of Semitic Studies 55/2: 325–45. find
  5. . 2010c. The “Guessing” QATAL: The BH Suffix Conjugation as a Manifestation of the Evidential Trajectory. Journal for Semitics 19/2: 603–27. find
  6. . 2011a. Qatal, yiqtol, weqatal y wayyiqtol. Modelo pancrónico del sistema verbal de la lengua hebrea bíblica con el análisis adicional de los sistemas verbales de las lenguas acadia y árabe. Madrid: Publicaciones de la Universidad Complutense. find
  7. . 2011b. The Biblical Hebrew Wayyiqtol: A Dynamic Definition. Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 11/7: 1–50. find our card
  8. . 2011c. The BH Weqatal. A Homogenous Form with No Haphazard Functions. Part 1. Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages 37/2: 1–25. find
  9. . 2011d. The Biblical Hebrew Verbal System in Light of Grammaticalization: The Second Generation. Hebrew Studies 52: 351–83. find
  10. . 2012a. Making it Sound: Performative Qatal and its Explanation. Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 12/8: 1–58. find
  11. . 2012b. The Meaning of the YE Forms in Basse Mandinka. Philologia 10: 21–38. find
  12. . 2012c. The Dynamic Short Yiqtol. Journal for Semitics 21/2: 308–39. find
  13. . 2012d. Thermodynamic Model of the Biblical Hebrew Verbal System. Pp. 146–63 in Grammaticalisation in Semitic. (Journal of Semitic Studies Supplement Series, 29). Ed. D. Eades. Oxford: Oxford University Press. find
  14. . 2013. Against Floccinaucinihilipilification of the Counterfactual Sense of the BH Suffix Conjugation — Or an Explanation of Why the “Indicative” Qatal Expresses Conditions, Hypotheses and Wishes. Old Testament Essays 27/1: 20–56. . forthcoming. Future Values of the Qatal are “Logical” — How to Chain Future Senses of the Qatal to Its Semantic Network? Hebrew Studies 54: 261–292. find
  15. Bahloul, M. 2008. Structure and Function of the Arabic Verb. London: Routledge. find
  16. Barnes, O. L. 1965. A New Approach to the Problem of the Hebrew Tenses. Oxford: Thornton. find
  17. Bauer, H. and P. Leander. 1962 [1922]. Historische Grammatik der hebräischen Sprache des Alten Testamentes. Hildesheim: Georg Olms. find
  18. Bergsträsser, G. 1918 and 1929. Hebräische Grammatik. 2 Vols. Leipzig: Vogel. find
  19. Blau, J. 1971. Marginalia Semitica 6: The Problem of Tenses in Biblical Hebrew. Israel Oriental Studies 1: 1–35. find
  20. Brockelmann, C. 1961 [1913]. Syntax. Vol. 2: Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der semitischen Sprachen. Hildesheim: Georg Olms. Buck, A. de. 1952. Grammaire élémentaire du moyen égyptien. Leiden: Brill. find
  21. Buttenwieser, M. 1925. The Importance of the Tenses for the Interpretation of the Psalms. Pp. 89–111 in Hebrew Union College Annual Jubilee Volume. Ed. D. Philipson et al. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College. find
  22. . 1938. The Psalms: Chronologically Treated with a New Translation. Chicago: University of Chicago. find
  23. Bybee, J., R. Perkins and W. Pagliuca. 1994. The Evolution of Grammar. Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press. find
  24. Bybee, J. 2010. Language, Usage and Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. find
  25. Cohen, M. 1924. Le système verbal sémitique et l’expression du temps. Paris: Ernest Leroux. find
  26. Cook, J. 2002. The Biblical Hebrew Verbal System: A Grammaticalization Approach. PhD dissertation. Department of Hebrew and Semitic Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison. find
  27. Couper-Kuhlen, E. and M. Selting, 2001. Introducing Interactional Linguistics. Pp. 1–22 in Studies in Interactional Linguistics. Ed. M. Selting and E. Couper-Kuhlen. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. find
  28. Croft, A. 2001. Radical Construction Grammar: Syntactic Theory in Typological Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. find
  29. Croft, W. and A. Cruse. 2004. Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. find
  30. Dahl, Ö. 1985. Tense and Aspect Systems. Oxford: Blackwell. find
  31. . 2000a. The Tense and Aspect Systems of European Languages in a Typological Perspective. Pp. 3–25 in Tense and Aspect in the Languages of Europe. Ed. Ö. Dahl. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. (ed.). 2000b. Tense and Aspect in the Languages of Europe. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. find
  32. Dahood, M. 1966. Psalms I, 1–50 (Anchor Bible). Garden City: Doubleday. find
  33. Danecki, J. 1994. Gramatyka języka arabskiego. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Dialog. find
  34. Davidson, A. B. 1902. Hebrew Syntax. Edinburgh: T & T Clark. find
  35. DeCaen, V. 1999. Ewald and Driver on Biblical Hebrew ‘Aspect’. Zeitschrift für Althebraistik 9: 129–51. find
  36. Dempsey, D. 1991. A Note on Isaiah XLIII 9. Vetus Testamentum 41: 212–5. find
  37. Dillmann, A. 1974 [1907]. Ethiopic Grammar (enl. and improved by C. Bezold; trans. J. A. Crichton). London: Williams & Norgate. find
  38. Driver, G. R. 1936. Problems of the Hebrew Verbal System. Edinburgh: T & T Clark. find
  39. Driver, S. R. 1892. A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Problems. Oxford: Clarendon. find
  40. Evans, V. and M. Green. 2006. Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. find
  41. Ewald, H. 1879. Syntax of the Hebrew Language of the Old Testament (trans. J. Kennedy). Edinburgh: T & T Clark. find
  42. . 1855. Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (6 th ed.). Leipzig: Hahn. find
  43. . 1870. Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (8 th ed.). Göttingen: Verlag der dieterischen Buchhandlung. find
  44. Gai, A 2000. The Connection between Past and Optative in the Classical Semitic Languages. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 150: 17–28. find
  45. Geeraerts, D. 1988. Where does Prototypicality Come from? Pp. 207–29 in Topics in Cognitive Linguistics. Ed. B. Rudzka-Ostyn. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Gesenius, W. 1813–1842. Hebräische Grammatik. Halle: Renger. find
  46. Gesenius, W., E. Kautsch and A. E. Cowley. 1909. Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar. Oxford: Clarendon Press. find
  47. Gilquin, G. 2006. The Place of Prototypicality in Corpus Linguistics. Pp. 159–91 in Corpora in Congnitive Linguistics. Ed. S. Gries and A. Stefanowitsch. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. find
  48. Ginsberg, H. L. 1936. The Rebelion and Death of Ba‘lu. Orientalia 5: 161–98. find
  49. Gordon, C. 1965. Ugaritic Textbook. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute. find
  50. Gray, L. 1971. Introduction to Semitic Comparative Linguistics. Amsterdam: Philo Press. find
  51. Gries, S. 2006. Introduction. Pp. 1–17 in Corpora in Congnitive Linguistics. Ed. S. Gries and A. Stefanowitsch. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. find
  52. Hatav, G. 1997. The Semantics of Aspect and Modality. Evidence from English and Biblical Hebrew. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. find
  53. Haywood, J. and H. M. Nahmad. 1965. A New Arabic Grammar. London: Lund Humphries. find
  54. Heine, B., U. Claudi and F. Hünnemeyer. 1991. Grammaticalization. A Conceptual Framework. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. find
  55. Helasvuo, M-L. 2009. Emergent Grammar. Pp. 66–73 in Grammar, Meaning and Pragmatics. Ed. F. Brisard, J-O. Östman and J. Verschueren. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. find
  56. Hopper, P. 1998. Emergent Grammar. Pp. 155–75 in The New Psychology of Language. Ed. M. Tomasello. Mahwan: Erlbaum. find
  57. Hopper, P. and E. Traugott. 2003. Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. find
  58. Höfter, M. 1943. Altsüdarabische Grammatik. Leipzig: Otto Harrasowitz. find
  59. Huehnergard, J. 1983. Assertive *la and Hypothetical *lu/law in Semitic. Journal of American Oriental Society 103/3: 569–93. find
  60. . 1987. Stative, Predicative Form, Pseudo-Verb. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 46/3: 215–32. find
  61. . 2005. A Grammar of Akkadian. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. find
  62. Hughes, J. 1970. Another Look at the Hebrew Tenses. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 29/1: 12–24. find
  63. Joosten, J. 1999. The Long Form of the Prefix Conjugation Referring to the Past in Biblical Hebrew Prose. Hebrew Studies 40: 15–26. find
  64. Joüon, P. 1923. Grammaire de l’hébreu biblique. Roma: Institute Biblique Pontifical. find
  65. Joüon, P. and T. Muraoka. 2009. A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew. Roma: Gregorian & Biblical Press. find
  66. Kay, P. and C. Fillmore. 1999. Grammatical Constructions and Linguistic Generalizations: The What’s X Doing Y? Construction. Language 75: 1–33. find
  67. Kienast, B. 2001. Historische semitische Sprachwissenschaft. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. find
  68. Kuryłowicz, J. 1972. Studies in Semitic Grammar and Metric. Wrocław: Zakład Ossolińskich PAN. find
  69. Lambdin, T. O. and J. Huehnergard. 1998. The Historical Grammar of Classical Hebrew: An Outline. Cambridge: Unpublished course hand-out. find
  70. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B. 2007. Polysemy, Prototypes, and Radical Categories. Pp. 139–69 in Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics. Ed. D. Geeraerts and H. Cuyckens. Oxford: Oxford University Press. find
  71. Lipiński, E. 2001. Semitic Languages Outline of a Comparative Grammar. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies. find
  72. Loesov, S. 2005. T-Perfect in Old Babylonian: The Debate and a Thesis. Pp. 83–181 in Babel and Bibel. Ed. L. Kogan. Moscow: Russian State University for the Humanities. find
  73. Loprieno, A. 1986. Das Verbalsystem im Ägyptischen und Semitischen: Zur Grundlegung einer Aspekttheorie. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. find
  74. McFall, L. 1982. The Enigma of the Hebrew Verbal System. Sheffield: Almond Press. find
  75. Moran, W. L. 1961. The Hebrew Language in Its Northwest Semitic Background. Pp. 54–72 in The Bible and the Ancient Near East: Essays in Honor of William Foxwell Albright. Ed. G. E. Wright. New York: Doubleday. find
  76. Nikiforidou, K. 2009. Constructional Analysis. Pp. 16–32 in Grammar, Meaning and Pragmatics. Ed. F. Brisard, J-O. Östman and J. Verschueren. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. find
  77. Nöldeke, T. 2001 [1904]. Compendious Syriac Grammar. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. find
  78. . 1964 [1875]. Mandäische Grammatik. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. find
  79. O’Leary, De L. 1969. Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages. Amsterdam: Philo Press. find
  80. Rainey, A. F. 1996. Canaanite in the Amarna Tablets: Morphosyntactic Analysis of the Verbal System. Leiden: Brill. find
  81. Rattray, S. 1992. The Tense-Mood-Aspect System of Biblical Hebrew with Special Emphasis on 1 and 2 Samuel. PhD dissertation. University of California, Berkeley. find
  82. Sallaberger, W. 1999. “Wenn Du mein Bruder bist, …”. Interaktion und Textgestaltung in altbabylonischen Alltagsbriefen. Groningen: Styx. find
  83. Segert, S. 1964. A Basic Grammar of the Ugaritic Language. Berkley: University of California Press. find
  84. Stubb, M. 2004. On Very Frequent Phrases in English: Distributions, Functions and Structures. Talk at the 25 th Conference of the International Computer Archive for Modern and Medieval English. Verona, Italy, 19–23 May 2004. find
  85. Testen, D. 1998. Parallels in Semitic Linguistics: The Development of Arabic la- and Related Semitic Particles. Leiden: Brill. find
  86. Tyler, A. and V. Evans. 2003. The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning, and Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. find
  87. Van der Auwera, J. and V. and Gast. 2011. Categories and Prototypes. Pp. 166–89 in The Oxford Handbook of Typology. Ed. J. J. Song. Oxford: Blackwell. find
  88. Van der Merwe, C. H. J., J. Naudé and J. Kroeze. 1999. A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. Van der Merwe, C. H. J. and J. Naudé. forthcoming. A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar (revised ed.). find
  89. Von Soden, W. 1952. Grundriss der akkadishcen Grammatik. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum. find
  90. Ungnad, A. 1932. Syrische Grammatik. München: C. H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. find
  91. Waltke, B. K. and K. O’Connor. 1990. An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. find
  92. Wasserman, N. 2012. Most Probably. Epistemic Modality in Old Babylonian. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. find
  93. Watts, J. W. 1951. A Survey of Syntax in Hebrew Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. find
  94. Weingreen, J. 1939. A Practical Grammar of Classical Hebrew. Oxford: Clarendon Press. find
  95. Wright, W. 1964. A Grammar of the Arabic Language. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. find
  96. Zevit, Z. 1998. Talking Funny in Biblical Hebrew and Solving a Problem of the Yaqtúl Past Tense. Hebrew Studies 29: 25–33. find
  97. Zuber, B. 1986. Das Tempussystem des biblischen Hebräisch. Berlin: de Gruyter. find

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/hbo-2013-andrason-optative-indicative-real-factual-past/