Voice at the Interfaces: The Syntax, Semantics, and Morphology of the Hebrew Verb
What it is about
A book-length theory of the seven verbal templates (binyanim) of Modern Hebrew: XaYaZ (paʿal), niXYaZ (nifʿal), XiYeZ (piʿel), hitXaYeZ (hitpaʿel), heXYiZ (hifʿil) and the passives XuYaZ (puʿal) and huXYaZ (hufʿal). Kastner names two problems: which syntactic configurations a template allows, and which templates it alternates with (√ktb: katav "wrote", nixtav "was written", hextiv "dictated"), while counterexamples abound (kafa "froze" is unaccusative in XaYaZ, nixnas "entered" unergative in niXYaZ). His answer, Trivalent Voice, decomposes a template into syntactic heads: a Voice head that can require an external argument [+D], forbid one [−D], or be unspecified, plus v and a p head, with the template's form spelled out from these features. Chapters 2–6 go template by template, then passives and nominalizations, and syntactic vs semantic transitivity; chapter 7 summarises the generalisations in one table of templates against configurations (unaccusative, unergative, transitive, reflexive, passive) and attested alternations. The card is written from chapters 1 and 7.
Ideas
- I1. Table 7.1 as data: a template × configuration matrix (e.g. niXYaZ and hitXaYeZ never simple transitive; XuYaZ and huXYaZ passive only; XiYeZ active only) is a hard constraint for a Modern Hebrew parser and for frame building: a nifʿal verb with an
objdependent, or a puʿal verb with an agentivensubj, is flagged as a likely error. - I2. The alternation pairs as a lexicon relation: XuYaZ is always the passive of a XiYeZ verb and huXYaZ always the passive of a heXYiZ verb; other pairs (XaYaZ↔niXYaZ anticausative/passive, XiYeZ↔hitXaYeZ reflexive/anticausative, XaYaZ↔heXYiZ causative) are possible but lexically listed. A root-indexed table of attested pairs lets the frame reader map a nifʿal clause to the same event as its paʿal partner, with the roles swapped.
- I3. A three-valued
Voicefeature on verbs (+D external argument required, −D forbidden, unspecified) in the frame layer, derived from the template plus the root's listed exceptions, instead of a binary active/passive flag. - I4. Test the matrix against UD: count, in
treebanks/he/(HTB, IAHLT), eachHebBinyanvalue against the presence ofobj,nsubj:passandexpl, and report where the treebank and the table disagree. - I5. The same matrix, mapped onto the Biblical binyanim (with the Biblical pual/hophal as passives and nifal's wider range), as a comparison note between the Biblical and Modern verb chapters.
For Mova
I1 and I3 go into 05. The verb: system, binyanim, tense and use and 05b-verb-paradigms.md, and into the plan for a Modern Hebrew reader in 12. Mova and Modern Hebrew: where it stands, what it would need. I2 is a lexicon table for 8. Lexicon and register and for frames in prag. I4 is a measure on treebanks/he/, recorded in 11. Modern Hebrew in Universal Dependencies. I5 goes into The verb and 12. Biblical, Mishnaic and Modern Hebrew compared.
Cite
@book{kastner2020voice,
title = {{Voice at the Interfaces: The Syntax, Semantics, and Morphology of the Hebrew Verb}},
author = {Kastner, Itamar},
year = {2020},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3865067}
}References
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