Deuteronomy 28:44 דְּבָרִים
Who acts: stranger, thou · What happens: lend, not lend, be · To what, where: thee, stranger, head, tail
This is Deuteronomy 28:44 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — stranger, thou — and what happens in the verse to thee, stranger, head, tail, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
ה֣וּא יַלְוְךָ֔ וְאַתָּ֖ה לֹ֣א תַלְוֶ֑נּוּ ה֚וּא יִהְיֶ֣ה לְרֹ֔אשׁ וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה לְזָנָֽב׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ה֣וּא | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 יַלְו | nsubj | he |
| 2 | יַלְו | לָוָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | he |
| 3 | ְךָ֔ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 2 יַלְו | obj | will lend to you |
| 4 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 7 תַלְו | cc | and |
| 5 | אַתָּ֖ה | אַתָּה | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 תַלְו | nsubj | you |
| 6 | לֹ֣א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 7 תַלְו | advmod | not |
| 7 | תַלְו | לָוָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2 | 2 יַלְו | conj | you |
| 8 | ֶ֑נּוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 תַלְו | obj | will lend to him |
| 9 | ה֚וּא | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 רֹ֔אשׁ | nsubj | he |
| 10 | יִהְיֶ֣ה | הָיָה | AUX | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 12 רֹ֔אשׁ | cop | he will become |
| 11 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 12 רֹ֔אשׁ | case | (into) [the] |
| 12 | רֹ֔אשׁ | רֹאשׁ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 יַלְו | parataxis | head |
| 13 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 17 זָנָֽב | cc | and |
| 14 | אַתָּ֖ה | אַתָּה | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 זָנָֽב | nsubj | you |
| 15 | תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה | הָיָה | AUX | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2 | 17 זָנָֽב | cop | you will become |
| 16 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 17 זָנָֽב | case | into [the] |
| 17 | זָנָֽב | זָנָב | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 יַלְו | conj | tail |
| 18 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 17 זָנָֽב | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יַלְו he | yiqtol · hiphil | ְךָ will lend to you | הוּא he | ||
| not תַלְו you | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶנּוּ will lend to him | אַתָּה you | ||
| יִהְיֶה he will become | yiqtol · qal | הוּא he | |||
| תִּֽהְיֶה you will become | yiqtol · qal | אַתָּה you |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Onkelos
הוּא יוֹזְפִנָךְ וְאַתְּ לָא תוֹזְפִנֵהּ הוּא יְהֵי לְתַקִיף וְאַתְּ תְּהֵי לְחַלָשׁ
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:DEU:762.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.28.44/