Exodus 10:23 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: locusts, any, children · What happens: not see, rise, have · To what, where: one, place, light, dwellings

This is Exodus 10:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — locusts, any, children — and what happens in the verse to one, place, light, dwellings, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

לֹֽא־רָא֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אָחִ֗יו וְלֹא־קָ֛מוּ אִ֥ישׁ מִתַּחְתָּ֖יו שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וּֽלְכָל־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הָ֥יָה א֖וֹר בְּמוֹשְׁבֹתָֽם׃

they saw not one another, neither rose any from his place for three days; but all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	לֹֽא־	לֹא	ADV	_	2 רָא֞וּ	advmod	not
2	רָא֞וּ	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they saw
3	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 רָא֞וּ	obl	each
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 אָחִ֗י	case	(et)
5	אָחִ֗י	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 רָא֞וּ	obj	brother
6	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 אָחִ֗י	nmod:poss	his
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 קָ֛מוּ	cc	and
8	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	9 קָ֛מוּ	advmod	not
9	קָ֛מוּ	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 רָא֞וּ	conj	they rose
10	אִ֥ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 קָ֛מוּ	obl	anyone
11	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	12 תַּחְתָּ֖י	case	from
12	תַּחְתָּ֖י	תַּחַת	NOUN	_	9 קָ֛מוּ	obl	under
13	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 תַּחְתָּ֖י	nmod:poss	him
14	שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת	שָׁלֹשׁ	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 יָמִ֑ים	nummod	three
15	יָמִ֑ים	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 קָ֛מוּ	obl	days
16	וּֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 כָל־	cc	and
17	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	18 כָל־	case	to
18	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 רָא֞וּ	conj	all
19	בְּנֵ֧י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 כָל־	compound:smixut	the people
20	יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	19 בְּנֵ֧י	compound:smixut	Israel
21	הָ֥יָה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	18 כָל־	cop	it belonged
22	א֖וֹר	אוֹר	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 כָל־	nsubj	light
23	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	24 מוֹשְׁבֹת	case	in
24	מוֹשְׁבֹת	מוֹשָׁב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 כָל־	obl	their dwelling
25	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 מוֹשְׁבֹת	nmod:poss	places
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not רָאוּ they saw	qatal · qal		אָחִי brother
not קָמוּ they rose	qatal · qal
הָיָה it belonged	qatal · qal	אוֹר light

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

לָא חֲזוֹ אֱנָשׁ יָת אֲחוֹהִי וְלָא קָמוּ אֱנָשׁ מִתְּחוֹתוֹהִי תְּלָתָא יוֹמִין וּלְכָל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֲוָה נְהוֹרָא בְּמוֹתְבָנְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

they saw not one another, neither rose any from his place for three days; but all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:267.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.23/