Exodus 15:23 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: Moses · What happens: come, not drink, be, call, name · To what, where: Marah, name, sea · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Exodus 15:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moses — and what happens in the verse to Marah, name, sea, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ מָרָ֔תָה וְלֹ֣א יָֽכְל֗וּ לִשְׁתֹּ֥ת מַ֙יִם֙ מִמָּרָ֔ה כִּ֥י מָרִ֖ים הֵ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמָ֖הּ מָרָֽה׃

And when they came to Marah, they could not drink of the waters of Marah, for they were bitter. Therefore the name of it was called Marah.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּבֹ֣אוּ	cc	and
2	יָּבֹ֣אוּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they came
3	מָרָ֔ת	מָרָה	PROPN	_	2 יָּבֹ֣אוּ	obl	to
4	ָה	ה	X	_	3 מָרָ֔ת	nmod	Marah
5	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יָֽכְל֗וּ	cc	and
6	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	7 יָֽכְל֗וּ	advmod	not
7	יָֽכְל֗וּ	יָכֹל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּבֹ֣אוּ	conj	they were able
8	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	9 שְׁתֹּ֥ת	case	to
9	שְׁתֹּ֥ת	שָׁתָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	7 יָֽכְל֗וּ	xcomp	drink
10	מַ֙יִם֙	מַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 שְׁתֹּ֥ת	obj	waters
11	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	12 מָּרָ֔ה	case	from
12	מָּרָ֔ה	מָרָה	PROPN	_	9 שְׁתֹּ֥ת	obl	Marah
13	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	14 מָרִ֖ים	mark	(dm)
14	מָרִ֖ים	מַר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יָּבֹ֣אוּ	advcl	[were] bitter
15	הֵ֑ם	הֵם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 מָרִ֖ים	nsubj	they
16	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	17 כֵּ֥ן	case	therefore
17	כֵּ֥ן	כֵּן	ADV	_	2 יָּבֹ֣אוּ	conj
18	קָרָֽא־	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּבֹ֣אוּ	parataxis	someone called
19	שְׁמ	שֵׁם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 קָרָֽא־	obj	name
20	ָ֖הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 שְׁמ	nmod:poss	its
21	מָרָֽה	מָרָה	PROPN	_	18 קָרָֽא־	xcomp	Marah
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 מָרָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
יָּבֹאוּ they came	wayyiqtol · qal
not יָֽכְלוּ they were able	qatal · qal
שְׁתֹּת drink	infinitive construct · qal	מַיִם waters
קָרָֽא־ someone called	qatal · qal	שְׁמ name

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וַאֲתוֹ לְמָרָה וְלָא יְכִילוּ לְמִשְׁתֵּי מַיָא מִמָרָה אֲרֵי מְרִירִין אִנוּן עַל כֵּן קְרָא שְׁמַהּ מָרָה:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:410.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.15.23/