Exodus 18:12 שְׁמוֹת

Who acts: Jethro, Aaron · What happens: take, come, eat · To what, where: burnt offering, bread

This is Exodus 18:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jethro, Aaron — and what happens in the verse to burnt offering, bread, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּקַּ֞ח יִתְר֨וֹ חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה עֹלָ֥ה וּזְבָחִ֖ים לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיָּבֹ֨א אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְכֹ֣ל ׀ זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֶאֱכָל־לֶ֛חֶם עִם־חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃

And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt-offering and sacrifices for God; and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father-in-law before God.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּקַּ֞ח	cc	and
2	יִּקַּ֞ח	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he took
3	יִתְר֨וֹ	יִתְרוֹ	PROPN	_	2 יִּקַּ֞ח	nsubj	Jethro
4	חֹתֵ֥ן	חֹתֵן	NOUN	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	3 יִתְר֨וֹ	appos	the father-in-law
5	מֹשֶׁ֛ה	מֹשֶׁה	PROPN	_	4 חֹתֵ֥ן	compound:smixut	of Moses
6	עֹלָ֥ה	עֹלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יִּקַּ֞ח	obj	a burnt offering
7	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 זְבָחִ֖ים	cc	and
8	זְבָחִ֖ים	זֶבַח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 עֹלָ֥ה	conj	sacrifices
9	לֵֽ	לְ	ADP	_	10 אלֹהִ֑ים	case	to
10	אלֹהִ֑ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּקַּ֞ח	obl	God
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יָּבֹ֨א	cc	and
12	יָּבֹ֨א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּקַּ֞ח	conj	he came
13	אַהֲרֹ֜ן	אַהֲרֹן	PROPN	_	12 יָּבֹ֨א	nsubj	Aaron
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 כֹ֣ל	cc	and
15	כֹ֣ל	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 אַהֲרֹ֜ן	conj	all
16	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	15 כֹ֣ל	punct
17	זִקְנֵ֣י	זָקֵן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 כֹ֣ל	compound:smixut	the elders
18	יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	17 זִקְנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Israel
19	לֶ	לְ	ADP	_	20 אֱכָל־	case	to
20	אֱכָל־	אָכַל	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	12 יָּבֹ֨א	advcl	eat
21	לֶ֛חֶם	לֶחֶם	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 אֱכָל־	obj	food
22	עִם־	עִם	ADP	_	23 חֹתֵ֥ן	case	with
23	חֹתֵ֥ן	חֹתֵן	NOUN	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	20 אֱכָל־	obl	the father-in-law
24	מֹשֶׁ֖ה	מֹשֶׁה	PROPN	_	23 חֹתֵ֥ן	compound:smixut	of Moses
25	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	26 פְנֵ֥י	case	before
26	פְנֵ֥י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 אֱכָל־	obl
27	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 אֱלֹהִֽים	det	(the)
28	אֱלֹהִֽים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	26 פְנֵ֥י	compound:smixut	God
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 אֱלֹהִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּקַּח he took	wayyiqtol · qal	יִתְרוֹ Jethro	עֹלָה a burnt offering + זְבָחִים sacrifices
יָּבֹא he came	wayyiqtol · qal	אַהֲרֹן Aaron + זִקְנֵי the elders
אֱכָל־ eat	infinitive construct · qal	אַהֲרֹן Aaron + זִקְנֵי the elders	לֶחֶם food

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְקָרִיב יִתְרוֹ חֲמוּהִי דְמשֶׁה עֲלָוָן וְנִכְסַת קוּדְשִׁין קֳדָם יְיָ וַאֲתָא אַהֲרֹן וְכֹל סָבֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמֵיכַל לַחְמָא עִם חֲמוּהִי דְמשֶׁה קֳדָם יְיָ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt-offering and sacrifices for God; and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father-in-law before God.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EXO:478.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.12/