Genesis 31:48 בְּרֵאשִׁית
Who acts: Laban, heap · What happens: say, be, call, name · To what, where: witness, name, heap · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Genesis 31:48 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Laban, heap — and what happens in the verse to witness, name, heap, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֔ן הַגַּ֨ל הַזֶּ֥ה עֵ֛ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינְךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמ֖וֹגַּלְעֵֽד׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר | cc | and |
| 2 | יֹּ֣אמֶר | אָמַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | he said |
| 3 | לָבָ֔ן | לָבָן | PROPN | _ | 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר | nsubj | Laban |
| 4 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 5 גַּ֨ל | det | the |
| 5 | גַּ֨ל | גַּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 עֵ֛ד | nsubj | heap |
| 6 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 7 זֶּ֥ה | det | (the) |
| 7 | זֶּ֥ה | זֶה | DET | Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 גַּ֨ל | det | this |
| 8 | עֵ֛ד | עֵד | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר | ccomp | [is] a witness |
| 9 | בֵּינ | בֵּין | ADP | _ | 10 ִ֥י | case | between |
| 10 | ִ֥י | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 עֵ֛ד | obl | me |
| 11 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 13 ְךָ֖ | cc | and |
| 12 | בֵינ | בֵּין | ADP | _ | 13 ְךָ֖ | case | between |
| 13 | ְךָ֖ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 10 ִ֥י | conj | you |
| 14 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 15 יּ֑וֹם | det | this |
| 15 | יּ֑וֹם | יוֹם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 עֵ֛ד | obl | day |
| 16 | עַל־ | עַל | ADP | _ | 17 כֵּ֥ן | case | therefore |
| 17 | כֵּ֥ן | כֵּן | ADV | _ | 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר | conj | |
| 18 | קָרָֽא־ | קָרָא | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 8 עֵ֛ד | parataxis | he called |
| 19 | שְׁמ | שֵׁם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 18 קָרָֽא־ | obj | name |
| 20 | ֖וֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 שְׁמ | nmod:poss | its |
| 21 | גַּלְעֵֽד | גַּלְעֵד | PROPN | _ | 18 קָרָֽא־ | xcomp | Galeed |
| 22 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 21 גַּלְעֵֽד | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- a frame and its quote
- negation
- no
- the frame alone
- decl · narrate · none
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יֹּאמֶר he said | wayyiqtol · qal | לָבָן Laban | |||
| קָרָֽא־ he called | qatal · qal | שְׁמ name |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Onkelos
וַאֲמַר לָבָן דְּגוֹרָא הָדֵין סָהִיד בֵּינִי וּבֵינָךְ יוֹמָא דֵּין עַל כֵּן קְרָא שְׁמֵהּ גַּלְעֵד
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:GEN:921.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.31.48/