Leviticus 11:27 וַיִּקְרָא

Who acts: beasts, whatsoever, whoso · What happens: go, be, touch · To what, where: paws, fours, carcass

This is Leviticus 11:27 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — beasts, whatsoever, whoso — and what happens in the verse to paws, fours, carcass, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְכֹ֣ל ׀ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־כַּפָּ֗יו בְּכָל־הַֽחַיָּה֙ הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת עַל־אַרְבַּ֔ע טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃

And whatsoever goeth upon its paws, among all beasts that go on all fours, they are unclean unto you; whoso toucheth their carcass shall be unclean until the even.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 טְמֵאִ֥ים	cc	and
2	כֹ֣ל	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 טְמֵאִ֥ים	dislocated	any
3	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	2 כֹ֣ל	punct
4	הוֹלֵ֣ךְ	הָלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 כֹ֣ל	compound:smixut	[one which] walks
5	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	6 כַּפָּ֗י	case	on
6	כַּפָּ֗י	כַּף	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Dual	4 הוֹלֵ֣ךְ	obl	paws
7	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 כַּפָּ֗י	nmod:poss	its
8	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	9 כָל־	case	among
9	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 כֹ֣ל	nmod	every
10	הַֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 חַיָּה֙	det	(the) living
11	חַיָּה֙	חַיָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 כָל־	compound:smixut	creature[s]
12	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	13 הֹלֶ֣כֶת	mark	[which]
13	הֹלֶ֣כֶת	הָלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	9 כָל־	acl:relcl	walks
14	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	15 אַרְבַּ֔ע	case	on
15	אַרְבַּ֔ע	אַרְבַּע	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 הֹלֶ֣כֶת	obl	four [feet]
16	טְמֵאִ֥ים	טָמֵא	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	root	root	[are] unclean
17	הֵ֖ם	הֵם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 טְמֵאִ֥ים	nsubj	they
18	ל	לְ	ADP	_	19 ָכֶ֑ם	case	to
19	ָכֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 טְמֵאִ֥ים	obl	you
20	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 יִטְמָ֥א	nsubj	every
21	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	22 נֹּגֵ֥עַ	mark	(the) [one
22	נֹּגֵ֥עַ	נָגַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	20 כָּל־	compound:smixut	who] touches
23	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	24 נִבְלָת	case	(in)
24	נִבְלָת	נְבֵלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	22 נֹּגֵ֥עַ	obl	carcass
25	ָ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 נִבְלָת	nmod:poss	their
26	יִטְמָ֥א	טָמֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	16 טְמֵאִ֥ים	parataxis	he will be unclean
27	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	29 עָֽרֶב	case	until
28	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	29 עָֽרֶב	det	the
29	עָֽרֶב	עֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 יִטְמָ֥א	obl	evening
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 עָֽרֶב	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
הֹלֶכֶת walks	participle active · qal	חַיָּה creature[s]
יִטְמָא he will be unclean	yiqtol · qal	נֹּגֵעַ who] touches

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְכֹל דִמְהַלֵךְ עַל יְדוֹהִי בְּכָל חַיְתָא דִמְהַלְכָא עַל אַרְבַּע מְסַאֲבִין אִנוּן לְכוֹן כָּל דְיִקְרַב בִּנְבִלְתְּהוֹן יְהֵא מְסָאָב עַד רַמְשָׁא

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And whatsoever goeth upon its paws, among all beasts that go on all fours, they are unclean unto you; whoso toucheth their carcass shall be unclean until the even.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LEV:278.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.27/