Leviticus 11:27 · JPS 1917
And whatsoever goeth upon its paws, among all beasts that go on all fours, they are unclean unto you; whoso toucheth their carcass shall be unclean until the even.
Who acts: beasts, whatsoever, whoso · What happens: go, be, touch · To what, where: paws, fours, carcass
This is Leviticus 11:27 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beasts, whatsoever, whoso), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 unclean | cc |
| 2 | whatsoever | whatsoever | PRON | PronType=Ind | 19 unclean | nsubj |
| 3 | goeth | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 whatsoever | acl:relcl |
| 4 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 6 paws | case |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 paws | nmod:poss |
| 6 | paws | paw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 goeth | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 beasts | punct |
| 8 | among | among | ADP | _ | 10 beasts | case |
| 9 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 10 beasts | det |
| 10 | beasts | beast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 goeth | obl |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 go | nsubj |
| 12 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 beasts | acl:relcl |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 fours | case |
| 14 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 fours | det |
| 15 | fours | four | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 go | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 goeth | punct |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 unclean | nsubj |
| 18 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 unclean | cop |
| 19 | unclean | unclean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 20 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 21 you | case |
| 21 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 19 unclean | obl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 unclean | punct |
| 23 | whoso | whoso | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 toucheth | nsubj |
| 24 | toucheth | touch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 unclean | csubj |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 carcass | nmod:poss |
| 26 | carcass | carcass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 toucheth | obj |
| 27 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 unclean | aux |
| 28 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 29 unclean | cop |
| 29 | unclean | unclean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 unclean | parataxis |
| 30 | until | until | ADP | _ | 32 even | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 even | det |
| 32 | even | even | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 unclean | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 unclean | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | present | cud's paws | among all beasts | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon paw=Location | ||||
| 2 | go | present | all beasts | all fours | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on four=Location | ||||
| 3 | is | present | whatsoever | unto you; unclean property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | touch | present | whoso | beasts's carcass | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme carcass=Co-Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | shall | until the even | unclean property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְכֹ֣ל ׀ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־כַּפָּ֗יו בְּכָל־הַֽחַיָּה֙ הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת עַל־אַרְבַּ֔ע טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃
Leviticus 11:27: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LEV:281 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.281/