Leviticus 26:31 וַיִּקְרָא

Who acts: I · What happens: make, bring, not smell, savour · To what, where: cities, sanctuaries, savour, sweet odours

This is Leviticus 26:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to cities, sanctuaries, savour, sweet odours, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־עָֽרֵיכֶם֙ חָרְבָּ֔ה וַהֲשִׁמּוֹתִ֖י אֶת־מִקְדְּשֵׁיכֶ֑ם וְלֹ֣א אָרִ֔יחַ בְּרֵ֖יחַ נִיחֹֽחֲכֶֽם׃

And I will make your cities a waste, and will bring your sanctuaries unto desolation, and I will not smell the savour of your sweet odours.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 נָתַתִּ֤י	cc	and
2	נָתַתִּ֤י	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I will make
3	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	4 עָֽרֵי	case	(et)
4	עָֽרֵי	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	2 נָתַתִּ֤י	obj	cities
5	כֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 עָֽרֵי	nmod:poss	your
6	חָרְבָּ֔ה	חׇרְבָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 נָתַתִּ֤י	xcomp	a waste place
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 הֲשִׁמּוֹתִ֖י	cc	and
8	הֲשִׁמּוֹתִ֖י	שָׁמֵם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	2 נָתַתִּ֤י	conj	I will devastate
9	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	10 מִקְדְּשֵׁי	case	(et)
10	מִקְדְּשֵׁי	מִקְדָּשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 הֲשִׁמּוֹתִ֖י	obj	sanctuaries
11	כֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 מִקְדְּשֵׁי	nmod:poss	your
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 אָרִ֔יחַ	cc	and
13	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	14 אָרִ֔יחַ	advmod	not
14	אָרִ֔יחַ	רוח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	2 נָתַתִּ֤י	conj	I will smell
15	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	16 רֵ֖יחַ	case	(in) the
16	רֵ֖יחַ	רֵיחַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 אָרִ֔יחַ	obl	odor
17	נִיחֹֽח	נִיחֹחַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 רֵ֖יחַ	compound:smixut	your soothing
18	ֲכֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 נִיחֹֽח	nmod:poss	your
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 ֲכֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
נָתַתִּי I will make	weqatal · qal		עָֽרֵי cities
הֲשִׁמּוֹתִי I will devastate	weqatal · hiphil	מִקְדְּשֵׁי sanctuaries
not אָרִיחַ I will smell	yiqtol · hiphil

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Onkelos

וְאֶתֵּן יָת קִרְוֵיכוֹן צָדָא וְאֶצְדֵי יָת מַקְדְשֵׁיכוֹן וְלָא אֲקַבֵּל בְּרַעֲוָא קֻרְבַּן כְּנִשָׁתְכוֹן

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And I will make your cities a waste, and will bring your sanctuaries unto desolation, and I will not smell the savour of your sweet odours.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LEV:809.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.26.31/