Deuteronomy 24:14 · JPS 1917
Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates.
Who acts: Thou, hired servant, man, strangers · What happens: not oppress, hire, be · To what, where: hired servant, land
This is Deuteronomy 24:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, hired servant, man, strangers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 oppress | nsubj |
| 2 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 4 oppress | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 oppress | advmod |
| 4 | oppress | oppress | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 servant | det |
| 6 | hired | hire | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 servant | amod |
| 7 | servant | servant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 oppress | obj |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 poor | nsubj |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 poor | cop |
| 10 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 servant | acl:relcl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 needy | cc |
| 12 | needy | needy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 poor | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 brethren | punct |
| 14 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 19 brethren | mark |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 brethren | nsubj |
| 16 | be | be | AUX | Mood=Sub Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 brethren | cop |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 brethren | case |
| 18 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 19 brethren | nmod:poss |
| 19 | brethren | brethren | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 oppress | advcl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 strangers | punct |
| 21 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 24 strangers | cc |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 strangers | case |
| 23 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 24 strangers | nmod:poss |
| 24 | strangers | stranger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 brethren | conj |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 land | nsubj |
| 26 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 land | cop |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 land | case |
| 28 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 29 land | nmod:poss |
| 29 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 strangers | acl:relcl |
| 30 | within | within | ADP | _ | 32 gates | case |
| 31 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 32 gates | nmod:poss |
| 32 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 land | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 oppress | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed act=request, voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not oppress | shall | Thou | a hired servant | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | hire | participle | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | is | present | a hired servant | poor property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | be | a hired servant not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | is | present | man | of thy brethren or thy strangers | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is | present | thy strangers | thy land | within thy gates | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
לֹא־תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק שָׂכִ֖יר עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן מֵאַחֶ֕יךָ א֧וֹ מִגֵּרְךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאַרְצְךָ֖ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃
Deuteronomy 24:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DEU:653 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.653/