Exodus 14:25 · JPS 1917
And He took off their chariot wheels, and made them to drive heavily; so that the Egyptians said: 'Let us flee from the face of Israel; for the LORD fighteth for them against the Egyptians.'
Who acts: LORD, wheels, Egyptians, us · What happens: take off, make, drive, say, let, flee · To what, where: chariot wheels, wheels, us, face · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Exodus 14:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, wheels, Egyptians, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 took | cc |
| 2 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 took | nsubj |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | off | off | ADP | _ | 3 took | compound:prt |
| 5 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 wheels | nmod:poss |
| 6 | chariot | chariot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 wheels | compound |
| 7 | wheels | wheel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 took | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 made | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 made | cc |
| 10 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 made | obj |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 drive | mark |
| 13 | drive | drive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 made | xcomp |
| 14 | heavily | heavily | ADV | _ | 13 drive | advmod |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 said | punct |
| 16 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 20 said | mark |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 so | fixed |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Egyptians | det |
| 19 | Egyptians | Egyptians | PROPN | Number=Plur | 20 said | nsubj |
| 20 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 made | advcl |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 Let | punct |
| 22 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 23 Let | punct |
| 23 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 said | ccomp |
| 24 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 Let | obj |
| 25 | flee | flee | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 Let | xcomp |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 face | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 face | det |
| 28 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 flee | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 Israel | case |
| 30 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 face | nmod |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 fighteth | punct |
| 32 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 35 fighteth | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 LORD | det |
| 34 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 fighteth | nsubj |
| 35 | fighteth | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | advcl |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 37 them | case |
| 37 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 fighteth | obl |
| 38 | against | against | ADP | _ | 40 Egyptians | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 Egyptians | det |
| 40 | Egyptians | Egyptians | PROPN | Number=Plur | 35 fighteth | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
| 42 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- suggest
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=imp
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take off | past | LORD | Egyptians's chariot wheels | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme | ||||
| 2 | make | past | LORD not said here | wheels = wheel | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | drive | to-infinitive | wheels = wheel not said here | heavily property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | the Egyptians | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | let | infinitive | us | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | flee | infinitive | us not said here | the face of Israel | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from face=Initial_Location | ||||
| 7 | fight | present | the LORD | for Egyptians; against the Egyptians | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיָּ֗סַר אֵ֚ת אֹפַ֣ן מַרְכְּבֹתָ֔יו וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֖הוּ בִּכְבֵדֻ֑ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִצְרַ֗יִם אָנ֙וּסָה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֥ם לָהֶ֖ם בְּמִצְרָֽיִם
Exodus 14:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EXO:410 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.410/