ed
part of speech
noun (abbreviation: Ed., ed., eds.); also a name (Ed); verb ending -ed
meaning for a pupil
1) «Ed» is short for education: «PE» is physical education, «sex ed» means sex education, «special ed» special education (informal, US). tree →
2) «Ed.» or «ed.» is short for editor or edition in books: «3rd ed.», «ed. by». tree →
3) Ed is a boy's name, short for Edward, Edmund or Edwin (a name). tree →
4) «-ed» is the ending added to regular verbs to make the past tense: play → played. tree →
sense in the lessons
In school life «Ed» appears in phrases like «driver's ed» and «phys ed» (US, informal). In books and references, «ed.» tells you who edited a book or which edition it is. In grammar lessons, «-ed» marks the past: walked, jumped, wanted; it can sound like /t/ (jumped), /d/ (played) or /id/ (wanted). Phrases: «phys ed», «sex ed», «adult ed», «2nd ed.».
examples
- We have phys ed on Fridays. (US, informal) tree →
- The book's second ed. has new pictures. tree →
- Ed. by means the person who edited the book. tree →
- My uncle Ed is a firefighter. tree →
- Add «-ed» to make the past tense: jump → jumped. tree →
- Older students take driver's ed before they drive. (US) tree →
note
As an abbreviation it is informal or used in references; write «education», «editor», «edition» in full in essays. Capital E for the name. Trap: not all verbs take «-ed»: go → went, see → saw (irregular verbs).
In the corpora
- Many very common verbs ignore -ed altogether: swim, swam; run, ran; go, went; catch, caught.
- Consonant + y changes to i before -ed (cried, tried) but stays before -ing (crying, trying).
- Irregular verbs do not add -ed: swim/swam, run/ran, go/went, catch/caught.
Trees and pragmatics
Every meaning and example of «ed» parsed by Mova, each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.